Module 6 Stimulants Flashcards
amphetamine
Central nervous system stimulant medications, most by prescription but some are only distributed illicitly in the U.S.
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
A diagnosis ascribed to individuals exhibiting a specific constellation of behaviors that include the attention deficit disorder characteristics, as well as impulsivity and excessive activity, restlessness, and fidgeting, among others.
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
A part of the nervous system responsible for directing many involuntary bodily functions (e.g., breathing, heart rate, digestion, and glandular activity); it is comprised of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems that act in concert to maintain a state of homeostasis.
cacao
Of the plant type used in producing cocoa, chocolate, and cocoa butter (used in making white chocolate); sometimes spelled cocoa (not to be confused with coca).
caffeine
A stimulant compound naturally occurring in several types of plants around the world, including tea, coffee, and cacao/cocoa.
coca
Referring to the plant type used in producing cocaine (not to be confused with cacao or cocoa).
cocaine
A powdered stimulant substance produced from coca or produced synthetically, having both stimulant and anesthetic effects.
crack
A crystal form of cocaine, as opposed to the powdered form.
cross-sensitization
Drug sensitization developed to one substance through repeated use that carries over as sensitization to another substance despite its never having been used.
cross-tolerance
Drug tolerance developed to one substance through repeated use that carries over as tolerance to another substance despite its never having been used.
e-cigarette
A device designed to heat nicotine (or other substance) liquid by battery power rather than combustion (burning) as would be the case with traditional cigarettes.
e-cigarette or vaping associated lung injury (EVALI)
The label assigned to a respiratory illness/symptom complex attributed to harm (or death) from using e-cigarettes/vaping products.
epinephrine
A central nervous system neurotransmitter (sometimes called adrenaline) with stimulant effects on the autonomic nervous system and dopamine centers.
homeostasis
The state of balance/equilibrium that systems attempt to achieve and maintain to preserve energy; generally, a healthy state in living organisms.
methamphetamine
A synthetic form of amphetamine with longer-lasting effects; having some recognized medical uses, it is primarily produced, distributed, and used illicitly in the U.S.
nicotine
The primary psychoactive (stimulant) component in tobacco, also may be produced in liquid or powdered form.
norepinephrine
A central nervous system neurotransmitter (sometimes called noradrenaline) with effects on the autonomic nervous system.
parasympathetic nervous system
A component of the autonomic nervous system responsible, in part, for regaining a state of homeostasis following an event where the “fight or flight” response has been triggered.
second-hand smoke
Vapors and residue exhaled by someone who is smoking tobacco products and inhaled by a person who is not smoking.
sensitization
Repeated use of a substance leading to a decrease in tolerance–it takes less of the substance to produce the same effects previously experienced at higher doses.
sympathetic nervous system
A component of the autonomic nervous system responsible, in part, for initiating a “fight or flight” response to trigger events.
third-hand smoke
Smoke residue that accumulates on hard and soft surfaces (e.g., carpeting, furniture, car seats) in areas where someone has been smoking.
tobacco
A specific type of nicotine-rich plant, the leaves of which are processed to make a variety of products (cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco).
vaping
The use of electronic/e-cigarettes.
