Module 6 : Sociological Perspective of Society

Question 1

What are the three sociological theories or perspectives?

Answer 1

1. Structural Functionalism Theory
2. Symbolic Interactionism Theory
3. Social Conflict Theory

Question 2

The focus of this theory is the way each part of society functions
together to contribute to the whole.

Answer 2

Structural Functionalism Theory

Question 3

The focus of this theory is the way inequalities contribute to social differences and perpetuate differences in power.

Answer 3

Conflict Theory

Question 4

The focus of this theory is the one-to-one interactions and
communications.

Answer 4

Symbolic Interactionist Theory

Question 5

What is the level of analysis of the Structural Functionalism Theory?

Answer 5

Macro or Mid

Question 6

What is the level of analysis of the Conflict Theory?

Answer 6

Macro

Question 7

What is the level of analysis of the Symbolic Interactionism Theory?

Answer 7

Macro

Question 8

also called functionalism, sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of the individuals in that society

Answer 8

Structural-Functional Theory

Question 9

saw similarities between society and the human body. He argued that just as the various organs of the body work together to keep the body functioning, the various parts of society work together to keep society functioning.

Answer 9

Hebert Spencer (1820-1903)

Question 10

Functionalism grew out of the writings of this English philosopher and biologist.

Answer 10

Hebert Spencer (1820-1903)

Question 11

The parts of society that
Spencer referred to that work together to keep society functioning.

Answer 11

Social Institutions

Question 12

Patterns of beliefs and behaviors
focused on meeting social needs, such as government, education, family, healthcare, religion, and the economy.

Answer 12

Social Institutions

Question 13

Another early sociologist, applied Spencer’s theory to explain
how societies change and survive over time.

Answer 13

Émile Durkheim

Question 14

believed that society is a
complex system of interrelated and interdependent parts that work together to maintain stability and that society is held together by shared values, languages, and symbols.

Answer 14

Émile Durkheim

Question 15

the laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life

Answer 15

Social Facts

Question 16

One of society’s laws serve to protect society from violence, while another
is to punish criminal behavior, while another is to preserve public safety.

Answer 16

The function of Social Facts

Question 17

Is the following statement TRUE or FALSE?

Each of these social facts serves one or more functions within a society.

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

Refers to the social ties within a group.

Answer 18

Social Solidarity

Question 19

Another noted structural functionalist that pointed out that social processes often have many functions.

Answer 19

Robert Merton (1910–2003)

Question 20

are the consequences of a social process that are sought or anticipated

Answer 20

Manifest Functions

Question 21

are the unsought consequences of a social process.

Answer 21

Latent Functions

Question 22

The following includes the ______ function of a college education.

College education : Includes gaining knowledge, preparing for a career, and finding a good job that utilizes that education.

Answer 22

Manifest Function

Question 23

The following includes the ______ function of your college years.

include meeting new people, participating in extracurricular activities, or even finding a spouse or partner

Answer 23

Latent Functions

Question 24

Social processes that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society

Answer 24

Dysfunctions

Question 25

Getting bad grades, truancy, dropping out, not graduating, and not finding suitable employment.

Answer 25

Examples of Dysfunctions in Education

Question 26

looks at society as a competition for limited resources. This perspective is a macro-level approach most identified with the writings of German philosopher and sociologist Karl Marx (1818–1883)

Answer 26

Conflict Theory

Question 27

saw society as being made
up of two classes, the the bourgeoisie (capitalist) and the proletariat (workers), who must compete for social, material, and political resources such as food and housing,
employment, education, and leisure time.

Answer 27

Karl Marx (German philosopher and sociologist)

Question 28

What are the two classes that make up society in Karl Marx’s Conflict Theory?

Answer 28

1. bourgeoisie (capitalist)
2. proletariat (workers)

Question 29

What do the bourgeoisie (capitalist) and proletariat (workers) compete for?

Answer 29

Must compete for social, material, and political resources

Question 30

In the Conflict Theory, they reflect the competition between the bourgeoisie (capitalist) and the proletariat (workers) in their inherent inequalities and help maintain the unequal social structure.

Answer 30

Social Institutions

Question 31

The social class who owns and controls the means of production, which leads to exploitation due to the profit motive

Answer 31

Bourgeoisie (Capitalist)

Question 32

The social class who only half their labor to sell, and do not own or control capital.

Answer 32

Proletariat (Workers)