Module 6 : Peripheral Arterial System Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a false aneurysm

A
  • pulsating hematoma that originates from a leaking artery and confined by surrounding tissues not by arterial wall
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2
Q

what is the most common cause of a flaw aneurysm

A
  • arterial puncture

- violent trauma or infection

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3
Q

what must there be in order to classify as a false aneurysm

A
  • communicating channel between the main artery and pulsating mass
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4
Q

what are 4 sonographic features of false aneurysms

A
  • swirling of color and communication tract
  • spectral trace within the tract will have high velocities and spectral broadening
  • spectral trace within the hematoma will have turbulent flow
  • 1-5cm
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5
Q

what is the treatment of a false aneurysm

A
  • size and location of channel important because can undergo compression treatment
  • procedure is not fun and could result in arterial occlusions or venous thrombosis
  • firmly compress with transducer for 10 minutes than rest then again
  • can also inject thrombin into pseudo aneurysm
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6
Q

what is arteritis and what are the vessels it typically effects

A
  • inflammation arterial wall

- tibia Artemis and distal arterioles

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7
Q

hat are the 3 types of arteritis

A
  • takayasus
  • temporal
  • polyartierits
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8
Q

what’s the most common type of arteritis

A
  • burgers disease

- mainly in men < 40 with heavy smoking

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9
Q

what is aortic coarctation

A
  • congenital narrowing of the thoracic aorta may effect abd AO
  • may result in LE ischemia
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10
Q

what is vasoplastic disorders/ cold sensitivity

A
  • intermittent ischemia in the fingers or toes in response to cold exposure or stress
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11
Q

what is the cause of cold sensitivity

A
  • idiopathic

- result of underlying disease

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12
Q

what can color duplex help with in cold sensitivity

A
  • color duplex helps rule out obstructive disease or emboli in larger vessels as cause of symptoms
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13
Q

what are the 2 types of raynauds disease

A
  • primary

- secondary

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14
Q

what is primary raynauds disease also called

A
  • idiopathic

- spastics raynauds disease

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15
Q

what is primary raynauds disease

A
  • intermittent digital ischemia caused by arterial spasm when exposed to cold temperatures
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16
Q

in what population is primary raynauds most common in and is it bilateral or unilateral

A
  • women

- bilateral

17
Q

what do the digits look like in primary raynauds

A
  • digits go pale cyanotic blue then red as they warm up
18
Q

what is the progression of primary raynauds and the prognosis

A
  • does not progress

- good prognosis

19
Q

what is another name for secondary raynauds

A
  • obstructive
20
Q

what is the difference between secondary and primary raynauds

A
  • reaction of tissue to cold is due to underlying obstructive systemic disease
21
Q

what is secondary raynauds disease

A
  • chronic condition with ischemia

- can lead to ulceration, gangrene and amputation

22
Q

what are compression/entrapmetn syndromes caused by

A
  • swelling within osteofascial compartments of the upper and lower extremities
  • pressure increases and compromises blood flow to the tissue
23
Q

what is the treatment of compression/entrapment syndromes

A
  • fasciotomy
24
Q

what is popliteal entrapment

A
  • compression of the popliteal artery by gastrocnemius muscle
  • repeated trauma to artery may cause aneurysm thrombi atherosclerosis and emboli
25
Q

which population is popliteal entrapment common in

A
  • common in young adults and children
26
Q

what will patients with popliteal entrapment present with

A
  • normal pressure pulses and waveform at rest
  • will decrease significantly with passive plantar flexion of foot
  • will have PAIN
27
Q

when is popliteal entrapment indicated

A
  • when there is a decreased arterial diameter when patient points their foot downward resulting in visualized stenosis or loss of pulse
28
Q

what is adventitial cystic disease

A
  • focal stenosis or occlusion of the popliteal artery

- seeing the arterial lumen compressed by cyst (bakers)

29
Q

what is thoracic outlet syndrome

A
  • compression of subclavian artery/vein/ nerves as they emerge from thoracic outlet
30
Q

what does thoracic outlet syndrome lead t o

A
  • hand and arm ischemia and pain or weakness
31
Q

what is a positive thoracic outlet test

A
  • decrease in flow velocities or occlusion of flow in position of pain
32
Q

what can cause an AV fistula

A
  • congenital l

- traumatic

33
Q

what is an AV fistula

A
  • communication between and artier and an adjacent vein featuring
    + color bruit with high velocity, low resistance waveform at site
34
Q

what is the most common AV fistula

A
  • CFA/CFV post catheterization
35
Q

what is blue toe syndrome

A
  • toe ischemia due to micro emboli released from prox atherosclerotic lesions lodging in small arteries and arterioles
36
Q

what is the treatment of blue toe syndrome

A
  • removal of emboli
37
Q

what can extrinsic compression be caused by

A
  • tumors

- hematomas

38
Q

what can extrinsic compression result in

A
  • stenosis or occlusion by applying pressure on arterial walls and compromising blood flow
39
Q

how do we asses tumors with color and power

A
  • color = evaluate masses for vascularity

- power = detect low flow states