Module 6 : Peripheral Arterial System Part 2 Flashcards
what is a false aneurysm
- pulsating hematoma that originates from a leaking artery and confined by surrounding tissues not by arterial wall
what is the most common cause of a flaw aneurysm
- arterial puncture
- violent trauma or infection
what must there be in order to classify as a false aneurysm
- communicating channel between the main artery and pulsating mass
what are 4 sonographic features of false aneurysms
- swirling of color and communication tract
- spectral trace within the tract will have high velocities and spectral broadening
- spectral trace within the hematoma will have turbulent flow
- 1-5cm
what is the treatment of a false aneurysm
- size and location of channel important because can undergo compression treatment
- procedure is not fun and could result in arterial occlusions or venous thrombosis
- firmly compress with transducer for 10 minutes than rest then again
- can also inject thrombin into pseudo aneurysm
what is arteritis and what are the vessels it typically effects
- inflammation arterial wall
- tibia Artemis and distal arterioles
hat are the 3 types of arteritis
- takayasus
- temporal
- polyartierits
what’s the most common type of arteritis
- burgers disease
- mainly in men < 40 with heavy smoking
what is aortic coarctation
- congenital narrowing of the thoracic aorta may effect abd AO
- may result in LE ischemia
what is vasoplastic disorders/ cold sensitivity
- intermittent ischemia in the fingers or toes in response to cold exposure or stress
what is the cause of cold sensitivity
- idiopathic
- result of underlying disease
what can color duplex help with in cold sensitivity
- color duplex helps rule out obstructive disease or emboli in larger vessels as cause of symptoms
what are the 2 types of raynauds disease
- primary
- secondary
what is primary raynauds disease also called
- idiopathic
- spastics raynauds disease
what is primary raynauds disease
- intermittent digital ischemia caused by arterial spasm when exposed to cold temperatures
in what population is primary raynauds most common in and is it bilateral or unilateral
- women
- bilateral
what do the digits look like in primary raynauds
- digits go pale cyanotic blue then red as they warm up
what is the progression of primary raynauds and the prognosis
- does not progress
- good prognosis
what is another name for secondary raynauds
- obstructive
what is the difference between secondary and primary raynauds
- reaction of tissue to cold is due to underlying obstructive systemic disease
what is secondary raynauds disease
- chronic condition with ischemia
- can lead to ulceration, gangrene and amputation
what are compression/entrapmetn syndromes caused by
- swelling within osteofascial compartments of the upper and lower extremities
- pressure increases and compromises blood flow to the tissue
what is the treatment of compression/entrapment syndromes
- fasciotomy
what is popliteal entrapment
- compression of the popliteal artery by gastrocnemius muscle
- repeated trauma to artery may cause aneurysm thrombi atherosclerosis and emboli
which population is popliteal entrapment common in
- common in young adults and children
what will patients with popliteal entrapment present with
- normal pressure pulses and waveform at rest
- will decrease significantly with passive plantar flexion of foot
- will have PAIN
when is popliteal entrapment indicated
- when there is a decreased arterial diameter when patient points their foot downward resulting in visualized stenosis or loss of pulse
what is adventitial cystic disease
- focal stenosis or occlusion of the popliteal artery
- seeing the arterial lumen compressed by cyst (bakers)
what is thoracic outlet syndrome
- compression of subclavian artery/vein/ nerves as they emerge from thoracic outlet
what does thoracic outlet syndrome lead t o
- hand and arm ischemia and pain or weakness
what is a positive thoracic outlet test
- decrease in flow velocities or occlusion of flow in position of pain
what can cause an AV fistula
- congenital l
- traumatic
what is an AV fistula
- communication between and artier and an adjacent vein featuring
+ color bruit with high velocity, low resistance waveform at site
what is the most common AV fistula
- CFA/CFV post catheterization
what is blue toe syndrome
- toe ischemia due to micro emboli released from prox atherosclerotic lesions lodging in small arteries and arterioles
what is the treatment of blue toe syndrome
- removal of emboli
what can extrinsic compression be caused by
- tumors
- hematomas
what can extrinsic compression result in
- stenosis or occlusion by applying pressure on arterial walls and compromising blood flow
how do we asses tumors with color and power
- color = evaluate masses for vascularity
- power = detect low flow states
