Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Vascular 2 > Module 1 : Arterial Circulatory System and Anatomy > Flashcards

Module 1 : Arterial Circulatory System and Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

the three layers of the artery wall

A
  • tunica intima
  • tunica media
  • tunica adventicia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

tunica intima - characteristics

A
  • inner most layer
  • endothelial lining with connective tissue beneath its
  • in contact with blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

tunica media - characteristics

A
  • middle layer
  • smooth muscle
  • thickest component
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

tunica adventitia - characteristics

A
  • outer layer
  • connective tissue, nerve fibers, small vessel capillaries
    (VASA VASORUM)
  • in contact with surrounding tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

three classifications of arteries

A
  • arterioles —- small and medium sized arteries — large elastic arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

arteriole - characteristics

A
  • “stopcocks”

- PRINCIPLE POINT OF RESISTANCE TO BLOOD FLOW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

small and medium arteries - characteristics

A
  • all arteries except aorta and its largest branches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

large elastic arteries

A
  • aorta and its largest branches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the brain is directly supplied by what four vessels

A
  • two internal carotid arteries (ICA)

- two vertebral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

blood supply to the CNS come from what vessels

A
  • the aortic arch
    + brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian
  • brachiocephalic divides into the RCCA and right subclavian at upper border of the right sternoclavicualr junction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

left common carotid origin

A
  • left CCA ascends from the arch and passes under the LEFT STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Carotid characteristics

A
  • no branches
  • divide into ICA and ECA at the upper border of the thyroid cartilage
  • at bifurcation the vessel enlarges and is referred to as carotid bulb
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ICA - characteristics

A
  • begin at carotid bif and travel as a single vessel then terminate where enter cranium
  • supply most of the ANTERIOR CIRCULATION
  • cervical (extracranial) has NO BRANCHES
  • opthalmic artery if first branch of ICA and occurs at carotid siphon
  • within cranium branches into MCA and ACA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

carotid siphon (cavernous ICA) 3 parts

A
  • parasellar portion (proximal)
  • genu (bend)
  • supraclinoid (distal segment)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ophthalmic artery

A
  • occurs at carotid siphon (genu) and travels anterior through the optic canal to the orbit
  • supplies blood to brain as collateral when ICA occluded
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

branches of the ophthalmic artery

A
  • supraorbital artery
  • frontal artery
  • nasal artery
17
Q

supraorbital artery

A
  • lies over top of eyeball passing through supraorbital foramen
18
Q

frontal artery

A
  • lies along the top of the eye towards the inner aspect
19
Q

nasal artery

A
  • most medial branch terminating near the bridge of the nose
20
Q

ECA role in collateralization

A
  • normally do not supply blood to brain but their branches may anastomose with ICA or vertebrals to provide collateral flow in occlusion
  • the branches that communicate with the ophthalmic artery are most important in collaterization
  • branches that interconnect between the muscular branches of the occipital and vertebral arteries are also important
21
Q

first branch off the ECA

A
  • superior thyroid artery
22
Q

ECA location

A
  • found anterior and medial to ICA
23
Q

vertebral artery

A
  • supplies posterior circulation of the brain
  • lies within transverse foramina of the upper cervical vertebrae
  • travel cephalic and anteriorly until join basilar artery
  • basilar artery has 4 branches that supply pons and cerebellum
24
Q

circle of Willis

A
  • formed by confluence of cerebral branches of the ICA and vertebral arteries
  • most important aspect on inter cranial collateral circulation
  • connects anterior and posterior circulation
  • common site on aneurysm formation
  • on ly 25% have normal circle
25
Q

circle of willis structure

A
  • hexagonal arrangement of anterior middle and posterior cerebral arteries found by anterior and posterior communicating arteries
  • MCA supplies majority of blood to cerebral hemispheres
  • many congenital variations with absence or hypoplasia of one or more communicating arteries
26
Q

collateral flow in extremities

A
  • in an extremity at rest total blood flow may be normal in presence of severe stenosis because of the work of collaterals
  • locating collaterals helps identify level of obstruction
27
Q

4 ways obstruction of an artery alters flow in collaterals

A
  • increase volume
  • reverse flow
  • increasing velocity
  • altering pulsatility
28
Q

common anatomic variants of the upper extremity

A
  • common origin of brachiocephalic and left common carotid (most common)
  • high origin of radial artery
  • duplicated brachial artery
29
Q

collaterals in upper extremity

A 
- stenosis is uncommon in arteries in upper body but smaller branches will act as collaterals when main vessels are occlude
   \+ subclavian
   \+ brachiocephalic
   \+ axillary
   \+ brachial artery
30
Q

common anatomic variants of the lower extremity

A
  • hypoplasia/aplasia of anterior tibial artery (most common)

- anomalous location of dorsals pedis

31
Q

collateral route for distal aorta and bilateral common iliac obstruction

A
  • thoracic and abdominal wall arteries
  • mesenteric arteries
  • lumbar arteries
32
Q

collateral route for unilateral common iliac obstruction

A
  • contralateral iliac or femoral artery via pelvic arteries

+ HYPOGASTRIC IS MOST COMMON

33
Q

collateral route for external iliac and common femoral artery obstruction

A
  • ipsilateral pelvis and femoral artery branches
34
Q

collateral route for deep femoral artery obstruction

A
  • proximal ipsilateral pelvic and femoral arteries
  • distal superficial femoral artery
  • popliteal artery
35
Q

collateral route for superficial femoral and popliteal artery obstruction

A
  • deep femoral branches

- popliteal to tibioperoneal trunk

36
Q

collateral route for tibioperoneal trunk obstruction

A
  • proximal calf branches

- distal peroneal branches to ATA and PTA

Vascular 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions