Module 6 - Head, Neck, Face (ENT)

Question 1

What are the cranial bones?

Answer 1

• Frontal
• Parietal
• Occipital
• Temporal
• Ethmoid
• Sphenmoid

Question 2

What is the coronal structure?

Answer 2

Crowns of head from ear to ear

Question 3

What is the sagittal suture?

Answer 3

Separates sides of head

Question 4

What are the facial bones?

Answer 4

• Nasal bone
• Zygomatic bone
• Maxilla
• Mandible

Question 5

Textbook definition of the Neck

Answer 5

Conduit passage of many structures

Question 6

What are the main muscles of the neck?

Answer 6

Sternomastoid and Trapezius

Question 7

What is the sternomastoid?

Answer 7

Divides each side of the neck into two triangles

Question 8

What is the thyroid?

Answer 8

• Endocrine gland
• Synthesizes thyroxine
• Regulates body functions (HR, weight, temperature, cholesterol)
• “Adams Apple”

Question 9

What are lymph-nodes?

Answer 9

Lymphatic tissue which filter lymph fluid - part of immunity

Question 10

Anatomy structures of the eye - Choroid

Answer 10

Prevents light from reflecting internally and delivers blood to the retina

Question 11

Anatomy structures of the eye - Ciliary

Answer 11

Controls thickness of lens

Question 12

Anatomy structures of the eye - Lens

Answer 12

Focus

Question 13

Anatomy structures of the eye - Iris

Answer 13

Controls amount of light that enters the eye

Question 14

Anatomy structures of the eye - Pupil

Answer 14

Light accommodation and focuses images onto the retina

Question 15

Anatomy structures of the eye - Retina

Answer 15

Visual center where images are changed into nerve impulses

Question 16

Anatomy structures of the eye - Optic disc

Answer 16

Fibers from retina that form the optic nerve

Question 17

What is pupillary light reflex?

Answer 17

Normal constriction of the pupil

• Direct light reflex - one eye is exposed to light
• Consensual light reflex - simultaneous constriction of other pupil

Question 18

What is fixation?

Answer 18

Reflex direction of the eye toward an object that attract’s attention

Question 19

What is accommodation?

Answer 19

Adaption of the eye for near vision - increases curvature of the lens

Question 20

Procedure for the Snellen eye chart

Answer 20

• Well lit and placed at eye level
• Client at 20 feet from chart
• Client cover’s one eye (leave glasses/contacts on, unless they are reading glasses)
• Read from largest to smallest line

Question 21

What is normal vision?

Answer 21

20/20

Question 22

At what vision indication do you refer to an ophthalmologist?

Answer 22

If vision is less then 20/30

Question 23

Anatomy of external ear

Answer 23

• Auricle/Pinna (Cartilage/skin)
• Auditory canal
• Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
• Middle ear (beginning of the Ossicles)
• Annulus (outer fibrous rim of the drum)

Question 24

Anatomy of external nose

Answer 24

• Bridge
• Tip
• Nares (oval openings)
• Vestibule (inside nares)
• Ala (wing of nose on either side)
• Septum

Question 25

What are the Paranasal sinuses?

Answer 25

Air filled pockets in the cranium and are comprised of different sinuses which communicate with one another ie) Frontal, Maxilla, Ethmoid and Sphenoid

Question 26

Functions of the paranasal sinuses

Answer 26

- Resonators for sound production - Provides mucus which drains in the nasal cavity - Lightens the weight of skull bones

Question 27

Types of paranasal sinuses

Answer 27

- 2 Frontal sinuses - 2 Maxillary sinuses - cheekbone along the nasal cavity - Ethmoid sinuses - behind eye - Sphenoid sinuses - deep behind eye

Question 28

Anatomy of the oral cavity

Answer 28

- Mouth - Lips - Teeth - Cheeks - Gums - Tongue - Anterior hard palate (bone)

Question 29

Health history: Head and Neck

Answer 29

- Headaches - Head injuries - Dizziness - Pain - ROM - Lumps/swelling - History of injuries

Question 30

Health history: Eyes

Answer 30

- Visual difficulties - Pain - Redness - Swelling - Discharge - Glasses/Contacts - Last exam - Coping

Question 31

Health history: Ears

Answer 31

- Earaches - Infection - Discharge - Hearing loss - Environmental exposure - Tinnitus - Vertigo - Last Exam

Question 32

Health history: Nose

Answer 32

- Discharge - Colds - Pain - Allergies - Altered smelling/breathing

Question 33

Health history: Mouth/Throat

Answer 33

- Sores - Lesions - Pain - Bleeding gums - Sugar - Toothaches - Teeth grinding - Hoarseness - Dysphagia - Alcohol - Smoking - Sleep apnea - Altered tastes

Question 34

What should you inspect with the eyes?

Answer 34

- Peripheral vision - Light reflex - Position - Stigmas - Structure (Eyeballs, Eyebrows, Eyelids, Eyelash)

Question 35

Abnormal findings of the eye

Answer 35

- Decreased vision - Corneal abrasion (blunt eye injury) - Hyphema (blood in eye) - Phoria and Tropia (miss-alignment of the eyes) - Conjunctivitis - Iritis - Acute glaucoma - Subconjuctval hemorrhage

Question 36

Abnormal findings of the ear

Answer 36

- Hearing loss - Frostbite - Swimmers ear (infection) - Ear deformities - Cellulitis - Cysts - Carcinoma - Keloid

Question 37

Abnormal findings of the inner ear

Answer 37

- Foreign body - Polyps - Osteoma (hard nodule) - Excessive cerumen - Otitis externa (swelling)

Question 38

Abnormal findings of the mouth

Answer 38

- Cleft lips - Carcinoma - Cysts - Tooth decay - Gingivitis - Tonsillitis - Black hairy tongue (Fungal infection) - Herpes Simplex 1

Question 39

Shape of head: Normocephalic

Answer 39

Round symmetrical head related to body size

Question 40

Shape of head: Microcephaly

Answer 40

Abnormally small head

Question 41

Shape of head: Macrocephaly

Answer 41

Abnormally large head

Question 42

Anatomy structures of the eye - Sclera

Answer 42

Outer layer and is a tough, protective, white covering

Question 43

Anatomy structures of the eye - Cornea

Answer 43

Outer layer and is very sensitive - corneal reflex

Question 44

Anatomy structures of the eye - Fovea Centralis

Answer 44

Middle layer and is the area for sharp and keen vision

Question 45

Abnormal findings of the nose

Answer 45

- Foreign body - Perforated septum - Sinusitis - Allergies - Nose bleeds