Module 6 - Head, Neck, Face (ENT) Flashcards
What are the cranial bones?
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Temporal
- Ethmoid
- Sphenmoid
What is the coronal structure?
Crowns of head from ear to ear
What is the sagittal suture?
Separates sides of head
What are the facial bones?
- Nasal bone
- Zygomatic bone
- Maxilla
- Mandible
Textbook definition of the Neck
Conduit passage of many structures
What are the main muscles of the neck?
Sternomastoid and Trapezius
What is the sternomastoid?
Divides each side of the neck into two triangles
What is the thyroid?
- Endocrine gland
- Synthesizes thyroxine
- Regulates body functions (HR, weight, temperature, cholesterol)
- “Adams Apple”
What are lymph-nodes?
Lymphatic tissue which filter lymph fluid - part of immunity
Anatomy structures of the eye - Choroid
Prevents light from reflecting internally and delivers blood to the retina
Anatomy structures of the eye - Ciliary
Controls thickness of lens
Anatomy structures of the eye - Lens
Focus
Anatomy structures of the eye - Iris
Controls amount of light that enters the eye
Anatomy structures of the eye - Pupil
Light accommodation and focuses images onto the retina
Anatomy structures of the eye - Retina
Visual center where images are changed into nerve impulses
Anatomy structures of the eye - Optic disc
Fibers from retina that form the optic nerve
What is pupillary light reflex?
Normal constriction of the pupil
- Direct light reflex - one eye is exposed to light
- Consensual light reflex - simultaneous constriction of other pupil
What is fixation?
Reflex direction of the eye toward an object that attract’s attention
What is accommodation?
Adaption of the eye for near vision - increases curvature of the lens
Procedure for the Snellen eye chart
- Well lit and placed at eye level
- Client at 20 feet from chart
- Client cover’s one eye (leave glasses/contacts on, unless they are reading glasses)
- Read from largest to smallest line
What is normal vision?
20/20
At what vision indication do you refer to an ophthalmologist?
If vision is less then 20/30
Anatomy of external ear
- Auricle/Pinna (Cartilage/skin)
- Auditory canal
- Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
- Middle ear (beginning of the Ossicles)
- Annulus (outer fibrous rim of the drum)
Anatomy of external nose
- Bridge
- Tip
- Nares (oval openings)
- Vestibule (inside nares)
- Ala (wing of nose on either side)
- Septum
What are the Paranasal sinuses?
Air filled pockets in the cranium and are comprised of different sinuses which communicate with one another ie) Frontal, Maxilla, Ethmoid and Sphenoid
Functions of the paranasal sinuses
- Resonators for sound production
- Provides mucus which drains in the nasal cavity
- Lightens the weight of skull bones
Types of paranasal sinuses
- 2 Frontal sinuses
- 2 Maxillary sinuses - cheekbone along the nasal cavity
- Ethmoid sinuses - behind eye
- Sphenoid sinuses - deep behind eye
Anatomy of the oral cavity
- Mouth
- Lips
- Teeth
- Cheeks
- Gums
- Tongue
- Anterior hard palate (bone)
Health history: Head and Neck
- Headaches
- Head injuries
- Dizziness
- Pain
- ROM
- Lumps/swelling
- History of injuries
Health history: Eyes
- Visual difficulties
- Pain
- Redness
- Swelling
- Discharge
- Glasses/Contacts
- Last exam
- Coping
Health history: Ears
- Earaches
- Infection
- Discharge
- Hearing loss
- Environmental exposure
- Tinnitus
- Vertigo
- Last Exam
Health history: Nose
- Discharge
- Colds
- Pain
- Allergies
- Altered smelling/breathing
Health history: Mouth/Throat
- Sores
- Lesions
- Pain
- Bleeding gums
- Sugar
- Toothaches
- Teeth grinding
- Hoarseness
- Dysphagia
- Alcohol
- Smoking
- Sleep apnea
- Altered tastes
What should you inspect with the eyes?
- Peripheral vision
- Light reflex
- Position
- Stigmas
- Structure (Eyeballs, Eyebrows, Eyelids, Eyelash)
Abnormal findings of the eye
- Decreased vision
- Corneal abrasion (blunt eye injury)
- Hyphema (blood in eye)
- Phoria and Tropia (miss-alignment of the eyes)
- Conjunctivitis
- Iritis
- Acute glaucoma
- Subconjuctval hemorrhage
Abnormal findings of the ear
- Hearing loss
- Frostbite
- Swimmers ear (infection)
- Ear deformities
- Cellulitis
- Cysts
- Carcinoma
- Keloid
Abnormal findings of the inner ear
- Foreign body
- Polyps
- Osteoma (hard nodule)
- Excessive cerumen
- Otitis externa (swelling)
Abnormal findings of the mouth
- Cleft lips
- Carcinoma
- Cysts
- Tooth decay
- Gingivitis
- Tonsillitis
- Black hairy tongue (Fungal infection)
- Herpes Simplex 1
Shape of head: Normocephalic
Round symmetrical head related to body size
Shape of head: Microcephaly
Abnormally small head
Shape of head: Macrocephaly
Abnormally large head
Anatomy structures of the eye - Sclera
Outer layer and is a tough, protective, white covering
Anatomy structures of the eye - Cornea
Outer layer and is very sensitive - corneal reflex
Anatomy structures of the eye - Fovea Centralis
Middle layer and is the area for sharp and keen vision
Abnormal findings of the nose
- Foreign body
- Perforated septum
- Sinusitis
- Allergies
- Nose bleeds
