Module 5 - Skin, Hair, Nails Flashcards
Tissue layers of the integumentary system
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Subcutaneous
What are the functions of the skin?
- Protection barrier - 1st line of defense - sweat, mucus, tears
- Sensory
- Adapts to environment
- Absorption and excretion
- Wound repair
- Production of Vitamin D
What develops skin tone?
Melanocytes - Give skin their color through a pigment called melanin
Light skin produces..
Less melanin
Dark skin produces…
More melanin
Factors that can change skin colour
- Inflammation
- Infection
- Allergies
- Organ failure
- Can be localized or all over
Types of skin tone changes
- Red spots
- Bruising
- Flushing
- Jaundice
- Marble appearance
- Mole
- Cyanosis
- Vitiligo
- Petechiae (tiny red/purple spots)
- Hypo-pigmentation
Health history information related to skin, hair and nails
- History of skin disease
- Change in pigmentation
- Mole changes
- Dry/moist skin
- Rashes/lesions
- Medication
- Hair loss
- Change in nails
- Environmental/Occupational hazards
- Self care behaviors
What are some Cultural and Social considerations regarding health history?
- Recognition of manifestations of disease
- Variation of skin pigmentation and hair texture
- Genetics
- Skin areas affected by hormones
- Environmental adaptations - sweat glands
Differentiation between skin colours in various ethnic groups
- Biological skin and mucus colour, hair colour/texture, height and weight vary in ethnic groups
- Some skin is more sensitive then others
- Genetic advantages to dark pigmentation with skin cancers
- Some ethnic cultures skin is more adaptable to environmental changes
Factors for physical assessment of skin, hair and nails
- Change
- Inspection
- Palpation
- Lesions
- Hair disorders
- Nails - Capillary refill
Abnormal findings of skin -Colour
- Changes in pigmentation
- Jaundice
- Pallor
- Cyanosi
- Moles
- Birthmarks
- Freckles
Abnormal findings of skin -Temperature
- Inflammation/Infection
- Fever
- Allergic reactions
- Environmental
- Chemical
Abnormal findings of skin - Moisture
- Dehydration
- Excessive sweating
- Dry/Cracked skin
Abnormal findings of skin - Texture
- Thickness
- Thinness
- Loss of Elasticity
- Dry
- Flaked skin
- Scaled skin
Abnormal findings of skin - Edema
- Pitted Edema - Rating scale
- Vascular
- Bruising
- Mobility and Turgor
Abnormal findings of skin - Lesions
- Pattern
- Shape
- Size
- Location
- Distribution
- Colour
- Exudation
Types of Lesions
- Primary
- Secondary
- Pubric
What is a primary lesion?
Lesion that develops on unaltered skin
What is a secondary lesion?
Changes over time due to disease progression
- Manipulation (rubbing, picking)
What is a pubric lesion?
Red/purple spots on the skin that do not blanch
Types of Primary lesions
- Macule (Freckles)
- Papule (Mole)
- Plaque (Psoriasis)
- Nodule
- Tumour
- Wheal (Allergic reaction)
- Vesicle (HSV 1 , Shingles)
- Cyst
- Pustule (Acne)
Types of Secondary lesions
- Erosion (Shallow depression)
- Fissure
- Scale (Flaky skin)
- Crust
- Ulcer
- Scar
- Excoriation (Scratching abrasion)
- Keloid (Elevated scar tissue)
Normal findings of hair
- Colour
- Texture
- Distribution
Normal findings of nails
Shape/Contour - smooth, flat/curved
- Nail edges - smooth/rounded
- Smooth surface
- Pink nail bed
- Capillary return
Abnormal findings of nails
- Jagged nails
- Bitten
- Traumatized nail folds
- Pits/grooves (nutrient deficiency)
- Nail growth disturbance
- Cyanosis
- Brown streaks
- Hemorrhages
- Slow capillary return
Abnormal findings of hair
- Low melanin production
- Dull coarse or brittle scalp
- Broken hairs
- Alopecia
- Absence of pubic hair
- Hirsutism
- Head/Public lice
- Crabs
