Module 6: Genetic/Congenital Disease & the Effect of Ageing on Health

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

One of two forms of a gene at corresponding sites on a chromosome pair; the code for characteristics manifested in an individual

Question 2

Autosomes

Answer 2

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

Question 3

Genotype

Answer 3

The genetic makeup of a cell or individual

Question 4

Phenotype

Answer 4

The characteristics manifested by a person depending on genetic and environmental factors

Question 5

Heterozygous

Answer 5

Having two different alleles at corresponding points on a chromosome pair

Question 6

Homozygous

Answer 6

Having two identical alleles at corresponding points on a chromosome pair

Question 7

Gene

Answer 7

A unit of DNA in a particular location on a specific chromosome

Question 8

Aneuploidy

Answer 8

A variation in the number of chromosomes

Question 9

Trisomy

Answer 9

A condition characterised by three copies of one particular chromosome

Question 10

Monosomy

Answer 10

A genetic condition where one homologous chromosome is short of its partner. The diploid number will be one less of a normal set

Question 11

Diploid

Answer 11

A cell with a full set of chromosomes (46)

Question 12

Haploid

Answer 12

A cell with a half set of chromosomes (23)

Question 13

Dominant trait

Answer 13

Trait that will have greater influence over a pair of alleles

Question 14

Recessive trait

Answer 14

Trait that can be carried in a person’s genes without appearing in that person

Question 15

Sex chromosomes

Answer 15

The one pair of human chromosomes within the set of 23 pairs that determine the sex of the person

Question 16

Deletion

Answer 16

When a chromosome breaks and some genetic material is lost

Question 17

Carrier

Answer 17

An individual who has an inherited genetic mutation for a condition or disease, but does not express any symptoms

Question 18

Multi-factorial inheritance

Answer 18

Inheritance where multiple genes, and possibly the environment, interact to determine the particular genetic characteristics

Question 19

Mutation

Answer 19

A change in the genetic makeup (DNA) of a cell, which will be inherited