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2804NRS > Module 1: Cellular Pathophysiology > Flashcards

Module 1: Cellular Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Aeitiology

A

The cause of a disease

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2
Q

Atrophy

A

Reduction in cell size

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3
Q

Clinical manifestations

A

Demonstrable changes in body function (signs and symptoms) caused by a disease

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4
Q

Dysplasia

A

Maladaptive; variation in size and shape of cells in tissue

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5
Q

Epidemiology

A

The study of the patterns of disease (incidence) within populations

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6
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase in cell mitosis

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7
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in cell size

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8
Q

Hypoxaemia

A

Insufficient oxygen in the blood

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9
Q

Hypoxia

A

A state of low oxygen

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10
Q

Incidence

A

The number of new cases of a disease diagnosed within a period

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11
Q

Infarction

A

Tissue death (necrosis) caused by a local lack of oxygen, due to an obstruction of the tissue’s blood supply

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12
Q

Ischemia

A

Inadequate blood flow to an organ or tissue

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13
Q

Metaplasia

A

Transition from one cell type to another

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14
Q

Pathogeneisis

A

Sequence of events by which the disease develops from aetiology to signs and symptoms (acute/chronic)

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15
Q

Pathophysiology

A

The study of the mechanisms by which disease and illness alter body function

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16
Q

Pharmacology

A

The branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action

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17
Q

Prevalence

A

The total number of cases of a disease at a particular time

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18
Q

Idiopathic

A

Unknown aeitiology

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19
Q

Differential diagnosis

A

A short list of possible diseases/conditions causing current clinical manifestations

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20
Q

Presumptive diagnosis

A

Initial identification of disease

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21
Q

Definitive diagnosis

A

Final identification of disease

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22
Q

Sequela

A

Complication, resolution or outcome of a disease

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23
Q

Prognosis

A

Likely outcome of the disease

24
Q

Pathology

A

Changes in structure

25
Q

Risk factor

A

Things that increase chance of disease

26
Q

Signs

A

Objective changes caused by disease/dysfunction which are able to be seen by an outsider (fever, redness)

27
Q

Symptoms

A

Subjective changes caused by a disease/dysfunction only able to be felt by subject (pain, nausea)

28
Q

Diagnosis

A

Using clinical manifestations and pathology to identify the disease

29
Q

Treatments

A

Ways to mange a disease (lifestyle, medication and surgical)

30
Q

Acute inflammation

A

Condition involving tissue swelling/oedema that occurs shortly (seconds, minutes, hours) after the injury

31
Q

Calor

A

Temperature

32
Q

Cellular phase

A

Second stage of acute inflammation

33
Q

Chemical mediators

A

Intracellular substances released into the tissue that induce inflammation

34
Q

Chronic inflammation

A

Acute inflammatory response that does not subside after 2 weeks

35
Q

Dalor

A

Pain

36
Q

Exudate

A

Fluid that moves out of the blood vessels and accumulates in the tissue

37
Q

Histamine

A

Chemical mediator released from mast cell, key to vascular phase of acute inflammation

38
Q

Leukotrienes

A

Chemical mediator that causes bronchoconstriction

39
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Chemical mediator derived from membrane phospholipids

40
Q

Rubor

A

Redness

41
Q

Tumor

A

Swelling

42
Q

Vascular phase

A

The first stage of acute inflammation

43
Q

Angiogenesis

A

Development of new blood vessels

44
Q

Replacement (wound healing)

A

Extensive damage, the tissue is replaced by connective (scar) tissue, tissue cells are incapable to regenerate. i.e Brain or heart infarction

45
Q

Paremchyma

A

Functional tissue cells

46
Q

Second intention healing

A

Healing in where there is a large break in tissue, significant inflammation, a long healing period and lots of scar tissue

47
Q

Keloid scar

A

Excessive scar tissue that grows beyond the wound edges

48
Q

Debridement

A

Process of cleaning debris and dead cells from injured site

49
Q

Resolution (wound healing)

A

Minimal tissue damage, the cells recover within a short period i.e. mild sunburn

50
Q

Hypertrophic scar

A

Scar tissue that remains within wound margins

51
Q

Epithelialisation

A

Epithelial layer growing into the surrounding under the clot to bridge the wound gap

52
Q

First intention healing

A

Healing process where wound is clean, free of foreign material and necrosis, wound can be held together with minimal gap

53
Q

Regeneration

A

The damaged tissue is replaced by identical tissue from nearby cells. Sometimes altering the tissues overall function. i.e fibrous tissue in the liver

54
Q

Collagen

A

Protein commonly found in connective tissue and basic component found in scar tissue

55
Q

Granulation

A

New connective tissue growing into the wound (bright red)

2804NRS (4 decks)

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