Module 6: Gender and Sexuality Flashcards
Transgender
Gender identity and expression are different from assigned at birth
Non-binary
Gender identity and expression are not exclusively masculine or feminine
Cisgender
Gender is in line with sex assigned at birth
Gender
Socially constructed characteristics of women and men, such as norms, roles, and relationships of and between groups of women and men
Socialization
Ongoing social process whereby we learn social norms
Gender norms
Social definitions of behavior that society assigns to particular sex categories
Social construction of gender
Process whereby meanings of gender are created through social interaction and social norms
Doing gender
Our activity that produces gender, in interaction with others and with consideration of what is thought to be appropriate for our gender category
Gender binary
System that allows only two gender categories
Androgynous
Incorporating both fem and masc characteristics
Intersectionality
Social theory that examines how social relations are inextricably linked
Ethnocultural
Cultural influences of the ethnic groups to which we belong that affect our behavior
Gender inequality
Unequal treatment and perceptions of individuals or groups based on gender
Feminism
Movements that advocate for equality for all sexes and genders
Glass ceiling
Metaphor for barriers women face in the workplace that prevent them from reaching higher positions
Androcentrism
Centering the lives and experiences of men in our worldview and practices
Motherhood penalty
Systematic disadvantages in wages, benefits, and other career factors that are associated with motherhood
Fatherhood bonus
Benefits in wages and perceived competence that fathers experiences in the workplace
Hypersexual
Depicted as extreme in sexual appearance or desire
Jezebel caricature
Stereotypical image that portrays Black women as extremely sexualized
Brute caricature
Stereotypical image that portrays Black men as savage sexual predators, especially of White women
Puberty
Process of becoming sexually mature
Social control
The way we enforce normative behaviors through social interactions, values and worldviews, and laws
Medicalized
When society understands a problem in medical terms - what is happening with sexuality now (alcoholism, pregnancy, ADHD, even baldness)
Phallocentrism
A worldview that centers the phallus in sexual acts and society more broadly
Phallus
symbolic ideal of the penis
abstinence-only sex education
students taught that abstinence is expected of them
comprehensive sex education
stresses importance of waiting while offering information about how contraception works so students can avoid unwanted pregnancies and STIs
colonialism
one country politically and economically controls the people and resources of another
puberty
a biological event that is the process of becoming a sexually mature individual
social control
the way we enforce normative behaviors through social interactions, values and worldviews, and laws - the social and cultural institutions exert this over sexuality
Sex vs. gender
Sex: different biological and physiological characteristics of males and females, such as reproductive organs, chromosomes, and hormones
Gender: socially-constructed characteristics of women and men, such as norms, roles, and relationships of and between women and men
Nature vs Nurture
Much of what we are taught to view as “natural” or biological is in fact a matter of dress, demeanor and internalized codes of behavior
Judith Butler: performing gender
Gender isn’t something we “are” but it is something we ‘do’
Measures of gender-based violence
Child marriages
Discriminatory socia norms (women who agree that husband is justified to use violence in certain situations)
Women’s perceptions of safety (% agreement that it is safe to walk at night outside)
Number of female victims of intentional homicide
Cultural beliefs and violence
Male crime is ‘doing masculinity’
Social construction of gender
Social norms impede gender equality
