Module 6 - Cultural Management Practices as IPM strategies

Question 1

Precision agriculture

Answer 1

a management system that is information and technology based, is site specific, and uses one or more of the following sources of data (soils, nutrients, crops/yield, pests, moisture, or landscape/elevation) for optimum profitability, sustainability, and protection of the environment

Question 2

what impacts plant disease development

Answer 2

crop stand and microenvironment

Question 3

what is crop canopy affected by

Answer 3

soil properties, moisture, and fertility

Question 4

Using _____ and ______, a field can be characterized into management units

Answer 4

GPS, GIS

Question 5

what does GPS stand for

Answer 5

global positioning systems

Question 6

what does GIS stand for

Answer 6

geographic information system

Question 7

what are common management units based on

Answer 7

vegetation density, soil fertility, or slope position (topography)

Question 8

t/f: disease presence can increase depending on where they are on the slope of a hill

Answer 8

t

Question 9

how does tillage reduce disease

Answer 9

pathogen inoculum is reduced by burying infested residue or increasing rate of residue decomposition

Question 10

what does tillage directly affect

Answer 10

physical/chemical properties of soil, soil environment, plant growth, populations of vectors of plant pathogens, and the viability of pathogens

Question 11

what does tillage indirectly affect

Answer 11

alter fertilizer application, weed control, planting methods, planting date

Question 12

what are some examples of diseases that were reduced by tillage

Answer 12

septoria leaf spot, tan spot, fusarium spp

Question 13

what is an example of a disease that is not reduced by tillage

Answer 13

cochliobolus sativus

Question 14

what has the biggest impact on crop diseases

Answer 14

the environment

Question 15

benefits of no-till

Answer 15

reduced cost, reduced erosion, improved moisture conservation, improved soil health

Question 16

what is the impact of burning and tillage on sclerotina stem rot and black leg

Answer 16

more ssr when burned, but no impact on on blackleg
no impact from tillage on ssr

Question 17

how can different seeding times affect disease

Answer 17

may avoid disease by early seeding (many disease release spores in late spring early summer)

Question 18

what do you need to know about disease in order to decide the best time to seed to avoid it

Answer 18

disease cycle and conditions optimum for disease development

Question 19

for crown rust of oat, may avoid severe disease by seeding ______

Answer 19

early

Question 20

for stripe rust in wheat , may avoid severe disease by seeding ______

Answer 20

late

Question 21

how does seeding depth affect disease

Answer 21

increases opportunities for infection and disease development because of delayed emergence

Question 22

common root rot of cereals has been found to be ______ at lower seeding depths

Answer 22

worse

Question 23

how can you reduce foliar diseases with row spacing and seeding rate

Answer 23

lower seeding rate and larger row spacing helps increase air movement and reduce humidity/leaf surface wetness

Question 24

buffer areas

Answer 24

should not put a field right by previous years stubble or same crop because of airborne movement of spores

Question 25

what are some examples of cultural controls

Answer 25

alternative host eradication
volunteer crop/weed control
cover cropping