Module 2: Excluding the Pathogen Flashcards
Quarantine
prevention of the import and spread of pathogens into countries or regions of a country
Inspection
regulatory control by quarantine and inspection of incoming plants in the field or warehouse
exclusion
prevention of pathogens from entering new areas
Elimination
treating propagating material before introduction
eradication
process of removing all infected plant material if an outbreak of a disease occurs
what is the aim of quarantine
to prevent entry of dangerous pests, but not completely block movement of plant material
what do quarantine people do
identify pests which may be a risk and determine if the threat is an acceptable or manageable risk
what is a critical process in quarantine regulation
pest risk analysis
pest risk analysis
potential injury the pest may cause
Risk identification
is the organism a quarantinable pest
risk assessment
probability of introduction
risk management
probability of introduction and establishment
recently introduced pests are _____ damaging than endemic pests
more
why are recently introduced pests more damaging than endemic pests
no opportunity for crop to adapt/develop resistance
no beneficials to parasitize pest
Examples of introduced pathogens
Dutch Elm Disease
Downy Mildew
Blackleg Disease
Stem Rust
Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA)
protects Canada’s plant life and the agriculture/forestry sectors
how does the CFIA protect plant life
1) prevent import, export, and establishment of pests
2) control and eradicate pests
Pest
anything that causes damage to plants or products of plants
What are the organizations that Canada is a part of
International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) and the North America Plant Protection Organization (NAPPO)
What is the most common ways of bringing pests to a new place
people (especially in air travel)
shipments of food, grains, and other products
Import policy must _____ our export policy
reflect
Enforcement strategies
refuse entry/return to origin
destruction
order treatment
fines, penalties, and prosecution
General Import Requirements (7)
- a phytosanitary certificate
- a permit to import
entry at only designated location and facility - mandatory inspection
- treatment at source
- post entry quarantine
- authorization for specific use
How to reduce risk of introducing a pathogen
- disease free propagating material
- certified seed
- crop isolation
the Canadian Seed Growers Association (CSGA)
organization charged with regulating quality and varietal identity assurance to CFIA’s national seed certification program
crop isolation
produce seed/crop in pest-free areas or areas of low risk
methods of sanitation
disinfecting tools
tillage or plowing
managing infected residues
controlling volunteer plants/weeds
