Module 2: Excluding the Pathogen

Question 1

Quarantine

Answer 1

prevention of the import and spread of pathogens into countries or regions of a country

Question 2

Inspection

Answer 2

regulatory control by quarantine and inspection of incoming plants in the field or warehouse

Question 3

exclusion

Answer 3

prevention of pathogens from entering new areas

Question 4

Elimination

Answer 4

treating propagating material before introduction

Question 5

eradication

Answer 5

process of removing all infected plant material if an outbreak of a disease occurs

Question 6

what is the aim of quarantine

Answer 6

to prevent entry of dangerous pests, but not completely block movement of plant material

Question 7

what do quarantine people do

Answer 7

identify pests which may be a risk and determine if the threat is an acceptable or manageable risk

Question 8

what is a critical process in quarantine regulation

Answer 8

pest risk analysis

Question 9

pest risk analysis

Answer 9

potential injury the pest may cause

Question 10

Risk identification

Answer 10

is the organism a quarantinable pest

Question 11

risk assessment

Answer 11

probability of introduction

Question 12

risk management

Answer 12

probability of introduction and establishment

Question 13

recently introduced pests are _____ damaging than endemic pests

Answer 13

more

Question 14

why are recently introduced pests more damaging than endemic pests

Answer 14

no opportunity for crop to adapt/develop resistance
no beneficials to parasitize pest

Question 15

Examples of introduced pathogens

Answer 15

Dutch Elm Disease
Downy Mildew
Blackleg Disease
Stem Rust

Question 16

Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA)

Answer 16

protects Canada’s plant life and the agriculture/forestry sectors

Question 17

how does the CFIA protect plant life

Answer 17

1) prevent import, export, and establishment of pests
2) control and eradicate pests

Question 18

Pest

Answer 18

anything that causes damage to plants or products of plants

Question 19

What are the organizations that Canada is a part of

Answer 19

International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) and the North America Plant Protection Organization (NAPPO)

Question 20

What is the most common ways of bringing pests to a new place

Answer 20

people (especially in air travel)
shipments of food, grains, and other products

Question 21

Import policy must _____ our export policy

Answer 21

reflect

Question 22

Enforcement strategies

Answer 22

refuse entry/return to origin
destruction
order treatment
fines, penalties, and prosecution

Question 23

General Import Requirements (7)

Answer 23

• a phytosanitary certificate
• a permit to import
  entry at only designated location and facility
• mandatory inspection
• treatment at source
• post entry quarantine
• authorization for specific use

Question 24

How to reduce risk of introducing a pathogen

Answer 24

• disease free propagating material
• certified seed
• crop isolation

Question 25

the Canadian Seed Growers Association (CSGA)

Answer 25

organization charged with regulating quality and varietal identity assurance to CFIA's national seed certification program

Question 26

crop isolation

Answer 26

produce seed/crop in pest-free areas or areas of low risk

Question 27

methods of sanitation

Answer 27

disinfecting tools tillage or plowing managing infected residues controlling volunteer plants/weeds