Module 6: Acids and Bases Reactions Flashcards
Hydrochloric acid
HCl
Sulphuric acid
H2SO4
Nitric acid
HNO3
Ethanoic/acetic acid
CH3COOH
Carbonic acid
H2CO3
Phosphoric acid
H3PO4
Citric acid
C6H8O7
Ascorbic acid (vitamin c)
C8H8O6
Sodium hydroxide
NaOH
Ammonia
NH3
Calcium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2
Magnesium hydroxide
Mg(OH)2
Sodium carbonate
Na2CO3
How do you know if something is an acid?
It has a H+
How do you know if something is a base?
It has OH- or O2-
What are the 5 properties of acids?
- Sour taste
- Sting or burn the skin
- Are electrolytes
- Turn litmus paper red
- PH less than 7
What are the 5 properties of bases?
- Bitter taste
- Soapy or caustic feel
- Are electrolytes
- Turn litmus paper blue
- PH greater than 7
What are monoprotic acids?
Acids capable of donating one proton only
What are diprotic acids?
Acids capable of donating two protons
What are the 3 strong acids that need to be memorised?
HCl, H2SO4, HNO3
What are weak acids?
All other acids which aren’t HCl, H2SO4 or HNO3
What are strong bases?
Any which have hydroxides in them
What are weak bases?
Any which don’t have hydroxides in them
What type of arrow is used when there is a strong acid or base in a reaction?
→
What type of arrow is used if both the acid and the base are weak?
⇌
Do acids lose or gain a proton to form its conjugate base?
Lose a proton
Do bases lose or gain a proton to form its conjugate acid?
Gain a proton
What is the acid metal hydroxide word equation?
Acid + Metal Hydroxide → Salt + Water
What is the acid metal word equation?
Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen
What is the acid and metal carbonate word equation?
Acid + Metal Carbonate → Salt + CO2 + Water
How did Boyle describe acids and bases?
Described acids and bases by there property
What did Boyle notice about acids and bases?
Bases could reverse colour change of indicators mixed with acids
What did Lavoisier conclude about acids?
Acids contain oxygen
Why wasn’t Lavoisier’s conclusion that acids contain oxygen correct?
HCl and HCN are also acids
What did Davy conclude about about acids?
All known acids contain hydrogen
What did Davy conclude about bases?
Metal compounds with oxygen are bases
What is an Arrhenius acid?
A molecule that contains hydrogen and can produce H+ ions in water
What is an Arrhenius base?
A molecule that dissociates in water to produce OH-
What did Arrhenius suggest about mixing bases and acids?
That they will produce water
What were the four main limitations of Arrhenius’ idea?
- Could not explain NH3 which has no OH- but is a base
- Could only be applied to aqueous solutions
- Did not explain strength of acids and bases
- Could not explain why some reactions did not form neutral solutions
What is a Bronsted - Lowry acid?
A molecule which is a proton (H+) donor
What is a Bronsted - Lowry base?
A molecule which is a proton (H+) acceptor
What was an advantage of the Bronsted - Lowry theory?
Reactions were no longer limited to aqueous solutions
What were four disadvantages of the Bronsted - Lowry theory?
- A proton that can be transferd must be present for a substance to be an acid or a base
- Model requires a solvent
- Could not explain reaction where no protons are involved
- Could not explain reactions between acidic oxides and basic oxides
What is a Lewis acid?
A molecule that is an electron pair receptor