Module 6 Flashcards
Are innocuous bacteria species harmful?
NO
A _________ bacteria species CAN cause disease?
pathogenic
Gram _______ bacteria stain purple?
positive
Gram positive bacteria have a _______ cell membrane?
single-thick
Gram negative bacteria have a ______cell membrane?
double
What bacteria are associated with healthy periodontium and which are associated with tissue destruction?
positive- health
negative- tissue destruction
What is the difference between AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC bacteria?
Aerobic- need oxygen to live
Anaerobic- CAN’T live in presence of oxygen
Free floating bacteria are also known as?
planktonic
Bacteria that attach to each other as well as to surfaces are said to be living in a?
biofilm layer
A biofilm is a _____ film containing a _____ of bacteria?
living
community
Biofilm forms more rapidly on what kind of surface?
wet
___% of all diseases may be biofilm induced?
65%
What are the 3 stages of the biofilm life cycle?
Attach
Grow
Detach
A HEALTHY sulcus can have between _____ and _____ bacteria?
100
1,000
A HEALTHY sulcus is 75% gram _____ bacteria in what forms?
positive
rods and cocci
Does a healthy sulcus have motile or non-motile bacteria?
non-motile
A pocket that has GINGIVITIS can have between ______ and ______ bacteria?
1,000
100,000
What is the ratio of gram + and - bacteria in a CHRONIC GINGIVITIS sulcus?
50/50
A PERIO pocket can have between ______ and _______ bacteria and are ____% Gram negative _____ forms?
100,000
100,000,000
74%
motile
There are over _______ bacterial species in a perio pocket?
500
What 2 bacteria are known EARLY colonizers of biofilm?
Actinomyces Species
Streptococcus Species
Name 5 bacteria associated with PERIO.?
A.A. Fusobacterium Nucleatum P. Gingivalis T. Forsythia Treponema Denticola
Periodontal Disease is a _______ Infection?
mixed bacterial
A. A. bacteria is strongly associated with _______ Perio and destruction of?
Aggressive
gingival connective tissue and bone
What bacteria has the MOST significant microbial risk factor of Periodontal Disease?
T. Forsythia
What Periodontal pathogen is found in low numbers in health and gingivitis also?
P. Gingivalis
P. Gingivalis is associated with ______ of a disease and/or _____ of ______ after therapy?
recurrence
persistence
pockets
P. Gingivalis inhibits ______ of _____ which induces an elevated host response?
migration
leukocytes
What is the 1st phase of Biofilm Colonization?
Pellicle Formation
How fast does pellicle form?
within minutes
What is the pellicle composed of?
Salivary Glycoproteins and antibodies
What are 2 main functions of the pellicle?
protect tooth from acid (good)
help bacteria adhere to tooth (bad)
What is the 2nd phase of biofilm colonization?
Initial attachment of bacteria to pellicle
How fast does the initial attachment of bacteria to the pellicle occur? How do the bacteria attach?
few hrs.
by hair like structures called fimbriae
What is the 3rd phase of biofilm colonization?
Secondary Colonization
What is the 4th phase of biofilm colonization?
Extracellular Slime layer and Micro-colony formation
What is the “job” of the extracellular slime layer?
Anchors bacteria to tooth and helps protect the bacteria
Microcolony formation grows by what process?
cell division (NOT more bacteria attaching)
Microcolony formation results in a bacterial _______
bloom
What is the 5th phase of biofilm colonization?
Mature Biofilm
Mature Biofilm takes on the shape of a _______ and is attached to the surface by a _______?
Mushroom narrow base (pedunculated)
What influences the SHAPE of biofilm colonies?
Fluid forces of saliva
Fluid forces result in “__________” of biofilm which can infect new teeth?
extensions
Fluid forces result in cell to cell _____ causing rapid gene _______ and enhancing the ______ and _____ of antimicrobials?
collisions
spreading
virulence
resistance
What is the function of a fluid channel?
Bring nutrients and oxygen to the bacteria
Carry waste products away
What is Coaggregation?
Cell-to-Cell adherence
The 1st bacteria to colonize are important to?
bacterial succession (foundation of biofilm)
The primary colonizers are gram ______ bacteria in what form?
positive
cocci
Streptococcus Sanguis dominate the bacteria load after ____ hours?
24
Gram _______ bacteria in what forms are considered the intermediate colonizers?
positive
rods and cocci
T/F Gram - bactera have a GOOD ability to adhere to the tooth?
False- they have to adhere to gram + rods and cocci
The bacterial layers closest to the soft tissues contain _____ and _______ types of bacteria?
spirochetes
flagella
What bacterias are MOST detrimental to the periodontal tissues? Why?
Tissue-associated biofilm bacteria
They get through epithelium and into connective tissue and alveolar bone!
What is the PRIMARY cause of Periodontal Destruction?
Host Response
What is the MINOR cause of Periodontal Destruction?
Virulence of the bacteria in biofilm
A.A. bacteria release what exotoxin?
Why is this important?
Leukotoxin
helps destroy WBC’s
SUBgingival biofilm starts to mature between ____ to ______ after SUPRAgingival plaque starts to form?
3-12 wks
Bacteria are capable of causing bone loss…However, the alveolar bone has to be less than ______mm away from the biofilm.
3
