Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AS level Physics > Module 6 > Flashcards

Module 6 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

Capacitance

A

The charge stored per unit pd in a capacitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Capacitor

A

An electrical component that stores charge. A parallel-plate capacitor
is made of two parallel conducting plates with an insulator between them
(dielectric).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Capacitors in Parallel

A

When capacitors are connected in parallel, their individual
capacitances are summed to give the total capacitance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Capacitors in Series

A

When capacitors are connected in series, the total
capacitance is equal to the inverse of the sum of the inverses of the individual
capacitances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Energy Stored by a Capacitor

A

Equal to half the product of the charge stored
and the capacitance. This can be found from the area under a charge-voltage
graph.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Farad

A

The unit of capacitance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Time Constant

A

The product of the circuit resistance and capacitance. It is the
time taken for the voltage to discharge to 1/e (or 36.8%) of its initial charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Coulomb’s Law

A

The size of the force that acts between two point charges is
proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the
square of their separation. It is attractive for opposite charges and repulsive for
like charges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Electric Field Strength

A

The force per unit positive charge exerted on a charged
object placed at that point in the field. This is a vector acting in the same direction
as the force on a positive charge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Electric Field

A

A region surrounding a charged object which causes a force to be
exerted on any charged object placed within the field.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Electric Potential Energy

A

The work done on a positive charge in bringing it from
infinity to that point in the field. It is proportional to the product of the two charges
and inversely proportional to their separation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Electric Potential

A

The work done per unit charge on a positive test charge in
bringing it from infinity to that point in the field.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Field Lines

A

Lines that demonstrate the direction in which a positive charge would
feel if placed at that point in the field.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Parallel Plate Capacitor

A

A capacitor made up of two parallel conducting plates
with an insulator between them (dielectric)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Permittivity

A

A property of an electric field. It relates electric flux density and the
electric field strength.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Faraday’s Law

A

The magnitude of the induced EMF is directly proportional to the
rate of change of magnetic flux linkage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Field Lines

A

Lines that show the direction in which a magnetic North monopole
would experience a force if placed at that point in a field. Magnetic field lines point
from North to South

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule

A

The relative direction of motion, field direction and
current direction in the motor effect can be represented by the thumb, first finger
and second finger of the left hand respectively. For the motion of a charged
particle in a magnetic field, its direction replaces the current direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Force on a Charge Particle

A

A charged particle moving through a magnetic field
will experience force equal to the product of the charge, its velocity and the
magnetic flux density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor

A

A current-carrying conductor will
experience a force when placed in a magnetic field. The direction of the force can
be determined using Fleming’s left-hand rule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lenz’s Law

A

The direction of an induced current is such that it opposes the
current that created it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Magnetic Field

A

A region of space in which magnetic materials and moving
electric charges feel a force.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Magnetic Flux Density

A

The force per unit current per unit length on a
current-carrying wire placed at 90º to the field lines. Sometimes also referred to as
the magnetic field strength.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Magnetic Flux Linkage

A

The magnetic flux multiplied by the number of turns, N,
of the coil.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Magnetic Flux

A

A value which describes the magnetic field or field lines passing
through an area. It is the product of magnetic flux density and the perpendicular
area it passes through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Tesla

A

The unit of magnetic flux density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Transformer

A

A device used to increase or decrease the voltage with two sets of
coils with different numbers of turns wrapped around a magnetic core. The
transformer is step-up if the number of coils on the secondary coil is greater than
the number on the primary coil. The transformer is step-down if the number of coils
on the secondary coil is fewer than the number on the primary coil.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Velocity Selector

A

Velocity Selector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Weber

A

The unit of magnetic flux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Activity

A

The rate of decay of the radioactive nuclei in a given isotope. It is
proportional to the total number of nuclei in the sample and is measured in
Becquerels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Alpha Particles

A

A type of particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons.
Alpha particles are emitted in alpha decay and are strongly ionizing, but weakly
penetrating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Alpha-Scattering

A

An experiment that involved firing alpha particles at a thin gold
foil and detecting their subsequent motion. It provided evidence for the currently
accepted model of the atom.

33
Q

Annihilation

A

The process of a particle and its antiparticle colliding and being
converted into energy. The energy is released in two photons to conserve
momentum

34
Q

Antiparticles

A

All particles have a corresponding antiparticle with the same mass
but opposite charge and conservation numbers

35
Q

Beta Particles

A

An electron or positron. Beta particles are emitted during beta
decay and have medium ionizing and penetrating capabilities.

36
Q

Beta-Minus Decay

A

The process of a proton inside a nucleus turning into a
neutron, and emitting a beta-minus particle (an electron) and a neutrino.

37
Q

Beta-Plus Decay

A

The process of a neutron inside a nucleus turning into a
proton, and emitting a beta-plus particle (a positron) and a neutrino.

38
Q

Binding Energy

A

The amount of energy required to split a nucleus into all its
separate constituent nucleons. It is equivalent to the mass defect

39
Q

Chain Reaction

A

The process of the neutrons released by a fission reaction
inducing further fissile nuclei to undergo fission

40
Q

Control Rods

A

Rods found in nuclear reactors to absorb neutrons and control the
rate of reaction. They can be raised or lowered depending on the rate required.

41
Q

Decay Constant

A

The probability of decay in a unit time.

42
Q

Einstein’s Mass-Energy Equivalence

A

Mass and energy are equivalent, with the
energy equivalent of a given mass being equal to the product of the mass and the
speed of light squared

43
Q

Electron

A

A negatively charged fundamental particle that is found in energy levels
surrounding a nucleus.

44
Q

Gamma Rays

A

A type of radiation emitted in gamma decay. Gamma rays are
weakly ionising but very strongly penetrating.

45
Q

Hadrons

A

A class of subatomic particle that experiences the strong nuclear
interaction

46
Q

Half-Life

A

The average time it takes for the number of radioactive nuclei in a
sample of an isotope to halve

47
Q

Isotopes

A

A form of an element with the same number of protons but different
numbers of neutrons.

48
Q

Leptons

A

A group of elementary subatomic particles, consisting of electrons,
muons and neutrinos

49
Q

Mass Defect

A

The difference in mass between a nucleus and the sum of the
masses of its constituent nucleons.

50
Q

Moderator

A

A material in nuclear reactors that absorbs energy from fast moving
neutrons, to slow them down to speeds that can be absorbed by fissile neutrons to
induce fission

51
Q

Neutron

A

A neutrally charged nucleon, found in the nucleus of an atom. Neutrons
are a form of hadron.

52
Q

Nuclear Fission

A

The splitting a nucleus, to form two smaller daughter nuclei, neutrons and energy.

53
Q

Nuclear Fusion

A

The joining of two smaller nuclei to form a larger nucleus and to
release energy

54
Q

Nucleon Number

A

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in a given nucleus

55
Q

Positron

A

A positively charged particle that is the antiparticle of an electron

56
Q

Proton Number

A

The number of protons present in the nucleus of a given
element.

57
Q

Proton

A

A positively charged nucleon, found in the nucleus of an atom. Protons
are a form of hadron.

58
Q

Quarks

A

Fundamental particle that interacts with other quarks via the strong
interaction. They change flavor via the weak interaction and annihilate with
antiquarks to form photons via the electromagnetic interaction.

59
Q

Radioactive Dating

A

The use of radioactive isotopes with known half-lives to date
objects. The isotope that is usually used is Carbon-14

60
Q

Random Nature of Decay

A

Radioactive decay is random - you cannot predict
when a nucleus will decay or which nucleus will decay next

61
Q

Strong Nuclear Force

A

A force that acts between nucleons in a nucleus to keep it
stable. It is attractive at distances of up to 3fm and repulsive at separations less
than 0.5fm.

62
Q

A-Scan

A

A method of scanning tissue that involves placing an ultrasound emitting
transducer on the surface of the body, and then measuring reflections of emitted
pulses. A-Scans are used to measure the fetal head size during pregnancy.

63
Q

Acoustic Impedance

A

The product of the speed of sound through a given
medium, and the density of the medium

64
Q

Anode

A

A positively charged electrode.

65
Q

Attenuation of X-Rays

A

The reduction of X-ray intensity as they pass through
matter

66
Q

B-Scan

A

A method of scanning tissue, used for more complex structures than
A-scans. Instead of the echo signals controlling the y-gain (as in A-scans), they
control the brightness of the oscilloscope spot. B-scans are used to determine the
placenta’s position during pregnancy

67
Q

Cathode

A

A negatively charged electrode

68
Q

Compton Effect

A

The decrease in a photon’s energy when it is scattered by a
charged particle. This results in a decrease in the photon’s frequency and
therefore an increase in its wavelength.

69
Q

Computerized Axial Tomography Scanning

A

A scanning method that produces
a cross section of the body by rotating a monochromatic x-ray beam around it, in
combination with a series of detectors. Whilst it produces higher resolution images
that ultrasound and is non-invasive, it is highly ionising and costly.

70
Q

Contrast Media

A

A contrast medium is a substance that ensures that there is a
significant difference between the density of the area being scanned and the rest
of the body. Barium is often chosen due to its high proton number. It is consumed
by the patient.

71
Q

Gamma Camera

A

A type of detector used in PET scanners, consisting of
photomultiplier tubes that convert gamma photons into electrical pulses.

72
Q

Medical Tracers

A

Gamma emitters that have suitably short half-lives to be
ingested into the body, and be detected externally for the duration of a medical
process

73
Q

Pair Production

A

The production of a particle and antiparticle pair from a
sufficiently high energy photon

74
Q

Photoelectric Effect

A

The emission of electrons from a metal surface when light
above a certain frequency is shone on it.

75
Q

Piezoelectric Effect

A

An effect shown by crystals like quartz. When a potential
difference is applied, the crystal will mechanically deform. Likewise, when the
crystal is deformed, a potential difference is produced.

76
Q

Positron Emission Tomography Scans

A

A scanning technique that produces
cross-sectional and 3D images. It involves a radionuclide being injected into the
body, which then releases gamma photons that are detected by the scanning
machine.

77
Q

Simple Scatter

A

The process of low energy photons scattering off a particle
without a change of momentum

78
Q

Ultrasound

A

Sound waves with a frequency higher than the upper-frequency
audible to the human ear (20kHz).

79
Q

X-Ray Tube

A

An evacuated tube which converts electrical signals into X-rays.

AS level Physics (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions