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MIDTERMS: Nutrition and Diet Therapy > MODULE 6 > Flashcards

MODULE 6 Flashcards

Dietary Management of Common Medical Conditions (Part 1 & 2)

1
Q

What are common food allergens?

A

Peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, eggs, milk, soy, fish, shellfish.

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2
Q

What is the gluten-free diet?

A

A diet that restricts gluten found in wheat, oats, rye, buckwheat, and barley. It’s indicated for celiac disease and non-tropical sprue.

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3
Q

What conditions require a lactose-free diet?

A

Colitis, Celiac disease, Crohn’s disease.

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4
Q

What is the dietary modification for peptic ulcers?

A

Reduce acid production, prevent heartburn, and decrease irritation. Foods allowed: whole grains, low-fat milk, lean meats, etc.

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5
Q

What foods are not allowed for peptic ulcers?

A

Croissants, biscuits, raw fruits and vegetables, whole milk, fried meats, alcoholic beverages, coffee, tea.

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6
Q

What are the dietary modifications for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?

A

Low fat intake, decreased calorie intake, and avoiding large meals. Avoid irritants such as citrus juice, alcohol, carbonated beverages, mint, chocolate, and coffee.

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7
Q

What is the recommended diet for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

A

Low fat intake and decreased calorie intake. Avoid citrus juice, alcohol, carbonated beverages, mint, chocolate, and coffee.

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7
Q

What is the dietary recommendation for chronic constipation?

A

High fiber intake and increased water intake.

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8
Q

What foods are allowed for liver and pancreatic disorders?

A

Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, non-dairy, and lean cuts of meat.

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9
Q

What dietary recommendations are made for Diabetes Mellitus?

A

Individualized diet, avoid concentrated sweets, and decrease calorie intake in obese patients.

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10
Q

What diet is recommended for anemia?

A

Increase iron intake with foods like liver, meats, egg yolk, iron-fortified products, dark green leafy vegetables, prunes, raisins, shellfish.

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10
Q

What foods should be avoided in thyroid-related disorders?

A

Goitrogens (such as raw cruciferous vegetables).

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11
Q

What are the key foods in a cholesterol and saturated fat-restricted diet for cardiovascular disorders?

A

Low fat milk products, egg whites, lean meats, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and vegetable oils.

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12
Q

What is the DASH diet and what does it help control?

A

The DASH diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, whole grains, poultry, fish, and nuts. It helps control mild and moderate hypertension.

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13
Q

What are the Philippine Heart Association guidelines for cardiovascular health?

A

Limit salt to < 6g/day, eat a variety of fruits and vegetables, avoid trans fats and saturated fats, avoid smoking, and control blood pressure.

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13
Q

What nutrients need to be managed in renal disorders?

A

Protein, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and fluids.

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14
Q

What dietary considerations are important for pulmonary disorders like COPD?

A

Emphasize complex carbohydrates, proteins, and healthy fats such as oils, avocados, nuts, and seeds. Ensure high intake of vitamins C, A, and E.

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15
Q

What dietary patterns reduce the risk of cancer and heart disease?

A

Lose excess weight, consume a plant-based diet, avoid charred or nitrate-preserved products, and limit alcohol and smoking.

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16
Q

What are the top environmental factors related to cancer development?

A

Obesity, low vegetable and fruit intake, physical inactivity, smoking, and excessive alcohol intake.

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17
Q

What is the recommended diet for individuals with HIV/AIDS?

A

A balanced diet high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes with lean, low-fat protein. Limit sugar, sweets, and salty foods.

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18
Q

What foods are allowed in a low-fat diet for cardiovascular health?

A

Low-fat milk products, egg whites, lean meats, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and vegetable oils.

19
Q

What foods should be avoided in a diet for cardiovascular disorders?

A

High-fat, red meats, sweets, and sugar-containing beverages.

20
Q

What is the DASH diet?

A

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) emphasizes fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, whole grains, poultry, fish, and nuts.

21
Q

What is the sodium intake limit recommended by the Philippine Heart Association for cardiovascular health?

A

Less than 6g of salt per day (2400 mg sodium).

22
Q

What type of fats should be avoided in cardiovascular disorders?

A

Trans fats and saturated fats.

23
Q

What are the top 5 leading environmental factors related to cancer development?

A

Obesity, low vegetable and fruit intake, physical inactivity, smoking, and excessive alcohol intake.

23
Q

What are the guidelines for pulmonary disorders, such as COPD?

A

Focus on an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant-rich diet with complex carbohydrates, proteins, healthy fats, and high vitamin C, A, and E intake.

24
Q

What is the dietary focus in renal disorders?

A

Manage intake of protein, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and fluids, while ensuring essential amino acids and adequate calories.

25
Q

What foods should be avoided to reduce cancer risk?

A

Charred or nitrate-preserved products such as hotdogs, luncheon meats, bacon, and pickled vegetables.

26
Q

What diet is recommended to reduce cancer and heart disease risk?

A

A plant-based diet with 5+ servings of fruits and vegetables, 3+ servings of whole grains daily, lean meats, low-fat dairy, and fish.

27
Q

What dietary advice is given for HIV/AIDS patients?

A

A balanced diet high in fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, lean proteins, and limited sugar, sweets, and salty foods.

28
Q

What foods are recommended to improve iron levels in anemia?

A

Internal organs like liver, meats, egg yolk, iron-fortified products, dark green leafy vegetables, prunes, raisins, and shellfish.

29
Q

What should be avoided in a diet for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

A

Citrus juice, alcohol, carbonated beverages, mint, chocolate, and coffee.

30
Q

What foods help manage chronic constipation?

A

High fiber foods such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, with increased water intake.

31
Q

What dietary modification helps control blood pressure?

A

The DASH diet, which emphasizes low salt, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.

32
Q

What is the dietary management for diabetes mellitus?

A

Avoid concentrated sweets, decrease calorie intake for obese patients, and ensure individualized dietary plans.

33
Q

What foods are allowed in a diet for upper gastrointestinal tract disorders like peptic ulcers?

A

Whole grains, low-fat milk products, lean meats, fresh or canned fruits and vegetables, gelatin, sherbets, and angel food cake.

34
Q

What foods should be avoided in upper gastrointestinal tract disorders like peptic ulcers?

A

Croissants, biscuits, raw fruits and vegetables, whole milk, highly seasoned meats, fried meats, gravies, meat soups, high-fat snacks, alcohol, coffee, and tea.

35
Q

What are the dietary modifications for liver and pancreatic disorders?

A

High-fiber diet with foods such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and non-dairy, lean meats.

36
Q

What foods should be avoided in thyroid-related disorders?

A

Goitrogens, such as raw cruciferous vegetables.

37
Q

What is the recommended dietary intake for patients with diabetes mellitus?

A

Decrease calorie intake for obese patients, avoid concentrated sweets, and individualize the diet based on the patient’s condition.

38
Q

What is the dietary approach for managing anemia?

A

Increase iron intake through foods like liver, meats, egg yolk, iron-fortified products, dark green leafy vegetables, prunes, raisins, and shellfish.

39
Q

What foods are allowed for thyroid-related disorders?

A

Protein-rich foods like eggs, meats, fish, fruits (e.g., berries), and cooked cruciferous vegetables.

40
Q

What are the main components of a cholesterol and saturated fat-restricted diet?

A

Low-fat milk products, egg whites, lean meats, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, vegetable oils, and low-fat or reduced-fat margarine.

41
Q

What is the role of the DASH diet in cardiovascular disorders?

A

The DASH diet helps control mild to moderate hypertension and emphasizes fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, whole grains, poultry, fish, and nuts.

42
Q

What are the dietary recommendations from the Philippine Heart Association for cardiovascular health?

A

Limit salt intake to less than 6g/day, consume a variety of fruits and vegetables, grains, low-fat or non-fat milk, avoid trans fats and saturated fats, avoid smoking, and control blood pressure.

43
Q

What diet is recommended for pulmonary disorders such as COPD?

A

Focus on complex carbohydrates, proteins (meats, poultry, nuts, eggs, tofu, cheese), and healthy fats (mono- and polyunsaturated fats from oils, avocados, nuts, and seeds). High intake of vitamins C, A, and E is also recommended.

44
Q

What are the nutritional considerations for renal disorders?

A

Adjust protein, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and fluid intake to meet the patient’s needs while ensuring adequate intake of essential amino acids and calories.

45
Q

What lifestyle changes reduce the risk of cancer and heart disease?

A

Lose excess weight, consume a plant-based diet, avoid charred or nitrate-preserved products, reduce saturated fats, avoid smoking, and limit alcohol consumption.

46
Q

What dietary components are recommended for patients with HIV/AIDS?

A

A healthy, balanced diet that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and lean proteins. Limit sugar, sweets, sodas, and salty foods.

47
Q

What foods are recommended to reduce the risk of cancer?

A

A balanced diet with lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy, while limiting sugar, caffeine, salt, and alcohol.

MIDTERMS: Nutrition and Diet Therapy (5 decks)

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