MODULE 4 Flashcards
Nutrition, Health and Fitness
What are the key elements of weight management?
A lifestyle approach involving nutrition therapy, physical activity, and behavior modification. Pharmacotherapy and surgery may be added based on BMI and comorbidities
How does WHO classify obesity, and what is its recommendation for managing it?
Obesity is classified as a complex, multifactorial chronic disease. WHO recommends integrated health services, multisectoral policy and action, and empowered communities for effective obesity management
What are the four factors involved in the formation of dental caries?
A genetically susceptible tooth, bacteria, carbohydrates, and time
What is the WHO’s recommendation for physical activity for adults aged 18–64 years?
Adults should engage in at least 150–300 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity or 75–150 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity weekly
Which nutrient deficiencies can lead to increased dental caries?
Deficiencies in protein, vitamin A, vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride increase susceptibility to dental caries
What are the key recommendations for preventing oral diseases?
Good oral hygiene (brushing, flossing, regular dental visits), dietary practices (reducing sugary snacks, rinsing after eating), and professional dental care
What are eating disorders, and what factors contribute to them?
Eating disorders are biologically based mental illnesses characterized by abnormal eating patterns, often influenced by genetic, biological, psychological, and environmental factors
What defines bulimia nervosa (BN)?
Bulimia nervosa is characterized by binge eating followed by purging behaviors like vomiting or excessive exercise, often associated with feelings of guilt
What are the characteristics of anorexia nervosa (AN)?
Intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image, self-imposed starvation, and physical symptoms like amenorrhea and constipation
What are the WHO recommendations for physical activity in children aged 5-17?
Children aged 5-17 should engage in at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily, mainly aerobic, across the week
What is EDNOS, and how does it differ from other eating disorders?
Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) includes binge-eating disorder and does not always involve purging behaviors like in bulimia nervosa
What are the risk factors and complications of bulimia nervosa?
Risk factors include depression and social pressures, while complications involve damage to teeth and mouth tissues due to stomach acid exposure during purging
What are the steps in the prevention and treatment of eating disorders?
Prevention involves early identification, alerting parents, and monitoring behaviors. Treatment includes medical nutrition therapy, psychotherapy, and cognitive-behavioral interventions
What is the Filipino Pyramid Activity Guide, and why was it conceptualized?
Developed by the Philippine Association for the Study of Overweight and Obesity (PASOO), it serves as a guide to promoting physical activity and health in the Philippines
What is medical nutrition therapy (MNT), and when is it used?
MNT involves tailored dietary plans and nutritional interventions designed to treat specific diseases or conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease
