Module 6 Flashcards
___________ are computer models of groundwater flow systems
Groundwater models
Evapotranspiration is equation to what?
evaporation + transpiration
The primary coupling between groundwater and hydrological inputs is the ____________
unsaturated zone or vadose zone.
Some parameters may be influenced by changes in the groundwater situation, like the thickness of a soil layer that may_______ when the water table drops and the hydraulic pressure is reduced.
Reduce
What are the main concerns in groundwater engineering?
groundwater contamination, conservation of supplies,
Water quality.
Many groundwater models are made for the purpose of assessing the effects ____________ measures.
hydraulic engineering
The parameters usually concern the ______ of and distances in the domain to be modelled
geometry
A is a device used to measure the hydraulic head of groundwater.
piezometer
There are three aspects that control the nature of aquifers
- Stratigraphy
- Lithology
- Geological formations and deposits
The mathematical relationships used to describe the flow of water through porous media are _______
Darcy’s law
diffusion
Laplace equations
Transient groundwater flow is analogous to the ____________
diffusion of heat in a solid
The ___________ relates the age and geometry of the many formations that compose the aquifer.
stratigraphy
The __________ refers to the physical components of an aquifer, such as the mineral composition and grain size.
lithology
The ____________ are the elements that arise due to deformations after deposition, such as fractures and folds.
structural features
_____ is a fraction between 0 and 1 indicating the amount of pore space between unconsolidated soil particles or within a fractured rock.
Porosity
porosity available to flow is sometimes called what?
effective porosity
_______ is an expression of the connectedness of the pores.
Permeability
______ affects groundwater flow velocities through an inversely proportional relationship.
porosity
________ indicate the amount of groundwater released from storage due to a unit depressurization of a confined aquifer.
Specific storage (Ss)
depth-integrated equivalent
_______ indicates the amount of water released due to drainage from lowering the water table in an unconfined aquifer.
Specific yield (Sy)
Will some water remain in the medium even after drainage?
Yes, because of intermolecular forces
______ is an empirical factor which quantifies how much contaminants stray away from the path of the groundwater which is carrying it.
Hydrodynamic dispersivity (αL, αT)
Some of the contaminants will be “behind” or “ahead” the mean groundwater, giving rise to a __________
longitudinal dispersivity (αL)
some will be “to the sides of” the pure advective groundwater flow, leading to a ____________
transverse dispersivity (αT)
