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THE CHILD AND ADOLESCENT LEARNER AND LEARNING PRINCIPLES > MODULE 6 > Flashcards

MODULE 6 Flashcards

1
Q

The field that investigates the cause of congenital defects.

A

Teratology

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2
Q

A _____ is that which causes birth defects.

A

Teratogen

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3
Q

Teratogen came from the Greek word “tera” which means?

A

Monster

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4
Q

Give the 5 hazards to Prenatal Development

A
  • Prescription and non-prescription drugs inclusive of antibiotics
  • Psychoactive drugs
  • Environmental hazards
  • Other maternal factors such as Rubella (German Measles), syphilis, genital herpes, AIDS, nutrition, high anxiety, stress, and age.
  • Paternal Factors
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5
Q

What are the examples of harmful drugs?

A

Diet pills, aspirin, and coffe

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6
Q

Cocaine exposure during pre natal development is associated with what factors?

A
  • Reduced birth weight
  • Reduced length and head circumference
  • Impaired motor development
  • Impaired information processing
  • Poor attention skills
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7
Q

What are the examples of psychoactive drugs?

A
  • Nicotine
  • Caffeine
  • Illegal drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, heroin.
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8
Q

Heavy alcohol drinking results in _____ syndrome which is a cluster of abnormalities that appears in the children of mothers who drink alcohol a lot during pregnancy.

A

Fetal alcohol

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9
Q

Fetal and neonatal deaths are higher among _____ mothers.

A

Smoking

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10
Q

________ addicts deliver smaller than average sized babies with more incidence of toxemia, premature separation of placenta, retained placenta, hemorrhaging after birth, and breech deliveries.

A

Maternal heroine

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11
Q

Give examples of environmental hazards.

A

Radiation in job sites, x-rays, environmental pollutants, toxic wastes, and prolonged exposure to heat in saunas, and bath tubs.

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12
Q

Fathers exposed to _______ could have children with chromosomal abnormalities.

A

high radiation

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13
Q

Prolonged exposure to sauna or hut tubs raises the mother’s temperature creating ______ that may endanger the fetus, may interfer with cell division and may cause birth defects, or even fetal death.

A

Fever

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14
Q

Define the 3 ways that a mother can infect her child.

A
  1. During gestation across the placenta
  2. During delivery through contact with maternal blood or fluids
  3. Postpartum
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15
Q

Father’s exposure to lead, radiation, certain pesticides and petrochemicals may cause abnormalities in sperm that lead to _______ or diseases such as _________.

A

Miscarriage, childhood cancer

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16
Q

Human life begins from the moment of __________.

A

Conception

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17
Q

This is where the developing fetus from conception to 5 months goes through wherein the head grows more than the body.

A

Cephalocaudal trend

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18
Q

The same pattern occurs in the head area because the top parts of the head, the eyes, and brain, grow _____ than the lower parts such as jaw.

A

Faster

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19
Q

The ________ is the pre-natal growth from 5 months to birth when the fetus grows from the inside of the body outwards.

A

Proximodistal trend

20
Q

This is the process by which the axons are covered and insulated by layers of fat cells, begins prenatally and continues after birth.

A

Myelination

21
Q

True or False

After 6 months, breastfeed babies usually weight less than bottlefeed babies.

A

TRUE

22
Q

Right after birth, breastfeed babies are heavier than bottlefeed babies

A

TRUE

23
Q

What are the three prenatal development stages?

A
  • Germinal Period
  • Embryonic Period
  • Fetal Period
24
Q

When does germinal period happen?

A

On the first 2 weeks after conception

25
Q

What happens in germinal period?

A
  • Continued cell division/cell differentiation
  • Creation of zygote
  • Zygote attached in the uterine wall
26
Q

When does embryonic period happen?

A

2-8 weeks after conception

27
Q

What happens during embryonic period?

A
  • Cell will become embryo
  • Cell differentiation is intensified
  • Development of embryo’s life support system
  • Development of organs
28
Q

Inner layer of the cell that develops into digestive system

A

Endoderm

29
Q

This is the outer layer wherein nails and hair grow as well as sensory system

A

Ectoderm

30
Q

______ is the middle layer where circulatory, reproductive, and muscular system develops.

A

Mesoderm

31
Q

Name the 3 life support system of the embryo.

A

Placenta
Umbilical cord
Amniotic sac/amnion

32
Q

This is a disk shape, one of the embryo’s life support system.

A

Placenta

33
Q

This is where nutrients going to the placenta flows that is composed of 2 arteries and 1 vein.

A

Umbilical cord

34
Q

A bag or envelope that contains clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats

A

Amniotic sac/amnion

35
Q

When does fetal period happens?

A

2 months to 7 months after conception

36
Q

The embryo grows into _____ during fetal period.

A

Fetus

37
Q

In terms of ________, ________, _________, a lot more changes

A

Weight, certain features, facial features

38
Q

_______ and ______ continue dramatically in fetal period.

A

Growth and development

39
Q

The newborn has some basic reflexes which are _________ and serve as survival mechanisms before they have the opportunity to learn.

A

Automatic

40
Q

A kind of reflex that is initiated when something touches the roof of an infant’s mouth.

A

Sucking reflex

41
Q

A strong sucking reflex helps to ensure they can latch onto ________ or ______.

A

Bottle, breast

42
Q

This is the most evident when an infant’s cheek is stroked. The baby responds by turning his or head in the direction of the touch and opening their mouth for feed.

A

Rooting reflex

43
Q

Babies will grasp anything that is placed on their palm.

A

Gripping reflex

44
Q

When the inner sole of a baby’s foot is stroked, the infant responds by curling his or her toes. When the outer sole of a baby’s foot is stroked, the infant will respond by spreading out their toes.

A

Curling reflex

45
Q

Infants will respond to sudden sounds or movements by throwing their arms and legs out, and throwing their heads back.

A

Startle/Moro reflex

46
Q

Shown when an infant’s middle or lower back is stroked next to the spinal cord. The baby will respond by curving his or her own body toward the side which is being stroked

A

Galant reflex

47
Q

This is demonstrated in infants who are placed on their abdomens. Whichever side the child’s head is facing, the limbs on that side will straighten, while the opposite limbs will curl.

A

Tonic Neck Reflex

THE CHILD AND ADOLESCENT LEARNER AND LEARNING PRINCIPLES (3 decks)

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