Module 6 Flashcards
Aims of Occupational Health
- Promotion and maintenance of the physical, mental and social well-being workers.
- Prevention of illness.
- Protection of workers from risk at work.
- Placement and maintenance of workers in an occupational environment
appropriate to his capacity.
measure in (hertz) cycles per second.
Frequency
intensity of the sound, measured in Decibel (dB)
Loudness
continuous, intermittent, burst, waxing/waning
Duration
Adverse Health Effects of Noise
(Acute Effects)
a. Acoustic trauma (explosion, gunshot)
b. Temporary Threshold shift (disco)
c. Poor communication
d. Increase in blood pressure and stress
Chronic or long-term effects (Noise)
a. Permanent threshold shift (noise included hearing loss)
b. Hypertension and stress
c. Psychosomatic effects
Control of Noise Problems
(Engineering Methods)
a. Purchase of new equipment
b. Preventive maintenance
c. Isolation/damping
Administrative Control (Noise)
Job rotation
Exposure settings (Heat Stress)
- High Humidity
*Poor ventilation
*Multiple Heat Sources - High Temperature
Acute Health Effects of Heat
- prickly heat
- heat fatigue
- heat cramps
- heat exhaustion
- heat stroke
Control of Heat Problems
(Engineering control)
a. Ventilation
b. Water Sources
Administration control (Heat Stress)
a. Job rotation/breaks
b. Cotton clothes, multiple changes
Acute Health Effects of Cold
*hypothermia
*frostbite
*trench foot
Chronic Health Effects of Cold
*bradycardia
*skin scaling
*callous formation
Health Effects of Vibration
● Inflammation (wrist, elbow, shoulder)
● Carpal tunnel syndrome
● Fatigue
Prevention and Treatment (Vibration)
Tool Redesign
● Maintenance of equipment/tools
● Isolation
● Gloves, dampers
Importance of Illumination
● Clerical work
● Fine movements work
Subsequent accidents that may happen (Illumination)
● Leaning close to machinery
● Loose clothing gets caught
● Loss of leg balance
● Loss of arm support
● Inhale particulate matter
Acute Effect of Illumination
● Eye strain
Control and Prevention of Illumination
o Propper lighting/ illumination in the workplace
This is the atmospheric force that is constantly applied on the blood
Pressure
Acute Effects of Pressure
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Apprehension
- Tremors
- Dizziness
- Narcosis
- Death
- Convulsions
- Excitability
- Incoordination
Chronic Effects of Pressure
- Fatigue
- Apprehension
- Anemia
- Hypoxia
- Hypercalcemia
- Muscle Atony
- Muscle Atrophy
- Bone wasting
Control Methods (Pressure)
- Training (Pre-events)
- Exercise (During)
- Rehabilitation (Post-events)
- Medications
- Medical monitoring
May be inconspicuous in the workplace
Chemical Hazards
Exposure Settings (Chemical Hazards)
- Oils and Fuel
- Solvents
- Dust (silica, Asbestos)
- Acids and Alkalis
- Lead
Skin Absorption (Chemical)
- Skin act as protective barrier
- Local irritation
- Absorption as vascular dissemination
Inhalation, Determinants (Chemical)
- Concentration in the air
- Duration of exposure
- Amount of air inhaled
Organ system that are affected (chemical)
- Lungs
- CNS
- Kidney
- Liver
- Blood
- Skin
- Heart
General Health Effects (Chemical)
- Disorientation
- Light headedness
- Unconsciousness
- Euphoria
- Confusion
- Nausea, vomiting
PPE for Biological Hazards
- Protective clothing like gowns or coats
- Protective gloves
- Elbow or foot operated taps
PPE for Cold Stress
- 3 layers of loose clothing
- knit mask to cover face and mouth
- insulated gloves
- insulated and waterproof boots
- hood or hat to keep body warm
separate areas should be set aside for: (biological)
• preparation of media
• holding of materials
• sterilization
• receipt of samples
Components of Ergonomics
- Job
- Workstations
- Tools
- Man
Control Methods (Ergonomic)
a. Task Interruption
b. Job enlargement
c. Exercise
Signs of ergonomic hazards
*Wearing of wristbands
* Shoulder turning
* Arm stretching
* Absenteeism, increase clinic visit
* Intake of pain-relief medication
Quiet Office
40-60 db
Normal conversation
50-60 db
Listening to radio
50-60 db
A bulldozer with its engine idling
65 db
Noisy restaurant
80-90 db
Process plant
80-95 db
Nightclub as experienced by staff
95-115 db
Call center
Up to 100 db
Motorcycle
Up to 100 db
Pneumatic drill
100 db
Alarms (as experienced by engineers)
100 db
sandblasting
110 db
Gunshot (near the ear)
140 db
Aircraft taking off 25 meters away
140db
