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Pharm > module 6 > Flashcards

module 6 Flashcards

1
Q

what is clinical pharmicokinetics

A

relationship between effects of a drug and the concentration of a drug

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2
Q

what is the purpose of clinical pharmacokinetics?

A
  1. provide a quantitative relationship between drug
    dose and effect
  2. provide a framework to interpret measurements of drug concetrations in biological fluids to benefit drug therapy
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3
Q

what does clearance mean?

A

the bodys efficiency in drug elimination
irreversible drug elimination of the body
volume/time
can vary in route (hepatic, renal)

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4
Q

what is elimination half life?

A

a measure of the rate of removal of the drug from the body

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5
Q

what is bioavalibility?

A

the fraction of drug that reaches the systemic circulation unchanged

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6
Q

why dont we measure drug concentrations from the site of action?

A

becuase its too invasive! taking a drug concentration from the brain for schizo meds would do more harm than good!

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7
Q

how are drug concentrations measured?

A

-measured in the plasma

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8
Q

why is plasma a good site to measure drug concentrations

A
  1. non invasive
  2. there is a good correlation between plasma concentration and therapeutic/toxic effects
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9
Q

what are the characteristics of an oral administration drug concentration time curve?

A
  • in the begining, the rate of absorption is greater than
    elimination - so plasma concentrations increase
  • in the middle, the rate of absorption equal the rate of
    elimination
  • in the end, elimination is greater than the rate of absorption, so plasma concentration declines
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10
Q

what is the Cmax

A

when the absorption and elimination are equal

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11
Q

What is the minimum effective concentration (MEC)

A

the minimum concentration required to have a therapeutic effect

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12
Q

what does duration mean in a time curve?

A

the amount of time that the drug concentration is above the MEC

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13
Q

what is the therapeutic range?

A

drug concentration are above the MEC but below toxic concentrations

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14
Q

what are the characteristics of a wide therapeutic range?

A

considered safe because the range between toxic and MEC is large - so its unlikely that the patient will reach toxic ranges if its taken as prescribed

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15
Q

what does the therapeutic range matter?

A

determines how safely a drug can be administered

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16
Q

what are the characteristics of a narrow therapeutic range?

A
  • difficult to adminster safely
    -small range where the drug will be effective but not
    toxic
    -often undergo therapeutic monitoring to ensure the concentrations are within toxic range
17
Q

what is the onset of action for drugs?

A

how long it takes before the concentrations reach MEC
lag time varies from drug to drug
how soon the drugs effects will occur

18
Q

what affects the onset of action

A

the rate and extent of absorption

19
Q

what is required to maintain a steady state for continous IV?

A

absorption and eliminated are at the same rate

20
Q

when has steady state been reached with PO or IV bolus meds?

A

when peaks and trough concentrations are the same between doses
you want the fluctuations to be within therapeutic range

21
Q

what are strategies to avoid flucations in plasma concentrations?

A
  1. continous IV
  2. depot preparations - slow constant release
  3. change in dosing interval - total daily dose but given more times in a day
22
Q

what is total clearance?

A
  • sum of all clearance by all routes
  • determines the dose required to maintain a certain
    blood concentration of the drug
23
Q

what is the dosing rate and what is the formula?/

A

helps you understand the dose to presribe
dosing rate = plasma concentration X clearance

24
Q

what is the half life and what is its formula ?

A

the time it takes for a drug to reduce its plasma concentration by 50%

half life = 0.693 X Vd/Cl

25
Q

how many half lives does it take for a drug to reach steady state

A

5

26
Q

what is the purpose of a loading dose

A

to get patients into steady state concentrations quicker

27
Q

what is the formula for loading dose

A

loading dose = target plasma concentration X Vd

Pharm (12 decks)

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