Module 6 Flashcards
New York, 1911
George Bellows
Urban realists with Henri, modernist artists challenged conventions of visual representation and condemned the materialism of the industrialized world.
This, New York teams with people packed into tenements on the lower east side.
Laughing Child, 1907
Ashcan
Robert Henri
Henri is the center of Ashcan School.
He paints portraits of New York immigrant population, this is an example.
Spring Night, Harlem River, 1913
Ashcan
Ernest Lawson - urban impressionist
paints bridges
This, Washington Bridge in Washington Heights
Strong verticals, diagonals, spatial depth, and order. A scene from below, at night
Felt is the Impact of span
Natural and manmade forms combined.
Central Park, 1901
Ashcan
Maurice Prendergast - urban impressionist
delighted in New York’s green spaces
Unicorns, 1906
Ashcan
Arthur B. Davies - urban impressionist
visionary scenes and imaginary creatures
Armory show organizer
Orchestra Pit, Old Proctor’s Fifth Avenue Theatre, 1906
Everett Shinn
(Ashcan)
(Macbeth Exhibition)
Theatre is his signature theme. Shinn is heavily involved in popular entertainment and theatre creative. This, a vaudeville house, operated by Proctor who owned a chain of them, then Keith and Proctor. David Belloskow commissioned him for theatre murals.
Chez Mouquin (At Mouquin’s), 1905 (Ashcan)
William Glackens - urban impressionist
This work went to the 1908 Macbeth Exhibition
Inspired by life around Washington Square.
Glitter, fashion, the spectacle of urban nightlife.
It’s isolation
Inspired by Manet. Velasquez
The Shoppers, 1907
(Ashcan)
(Macbeth Exhibition)
William Glackens - urban impressionist
He studies in Europe. Studied Manet and Velasquez. They inspire this dark color pallet. Degas could have inspired subject matter.
This work went to the 1908 Macbeth Exhibition
The ritual of consumerism
Middle-class life
This is Glacken’s wife and Shinn’s wife.
Female consumerism, expanding role of department stores in life of the leisured.
Hester Street, 1905
(Ashcan)
(Macbeth Exhibition)
George Luks - urban impressionist
This work went to the 1908 Macbeth Exhibition
Luks loves streetlife of the lower east side
Sympathetic view of lower-class urban life
Lower east side was subject of magazine illustrations as well.
The Spielers, 1905
Ashcan
George Luks - urban impressionist
Portrays positive spin, camaraderie, of immigrant city life here
Joy, beauty in life of poor instead of tragedy.
Spieling is a popular type of dancing with german lower-class immigrants.
This contrasts with the photos of Jacob Riis, who produced photos, and the book How the Other Half Lives.
Changes in America
Steady pace of social, scientific, and technological changes. Automobile, Airplanes, and Einstien’s theory of relativity. Once agrarian now industrialized. Immigration boosts the population. Cities are important.
Founded by Robert Henri, this represented contemporary life often ignored by the national academy of design and academic painting.
Ashcan School
Ashcan School
Group of urban realists founded by Robert Henri. Also known as “The 8” from McBeth Gallery.
Members: Henri, William Glackens, George Luks, Everett Shin, Don Sloan. Lawson, Davies, Prendergast.
Favors real over ideal First artists to address dynamic changes in America, urban life, lower classes. Narrative and realist style Lower class in urban life Engaged New York City as subject matter.
Changes in America
Steady pace of social, scientific, and technological changes. Automobile, Airplanes, and Einstien’s theory of relativity. Once agrarian now industrialized. Immigration boosts the population. Cities are important.
Immigration, Mass Media, Shifting Gender Roles, public display of wealth. These themes were popular with the Ashcan School.
Founded by Robert Henri, this group represented contemporary life often ignored by the national academy of design and academic painting. Before WW1, they focused on New York City as a subject.
Ashcan School
He studied in Philadelphia, Paris, and moved to New York City in 1900.
He was inspired by realist painters: Manet (FR), Hals (Dutch), Valasquez & Degoya (ES), the spectacle of common life, ordinary people.
Robert Henri
Ashcan School
Group of urban realists founded by Robert Henri. Also known as “The 8”.
Associated Names: George Bellows, William Glackens, George Luks, Everett Shin, Don Sloan. Lawson, Davies, Prendergast.
Favors real over ideal First artists to address dynamic changes in America, urban life, lower classes. Narrative and realist style Engaged New York City as subject matter. Manliness portrayed
He studied in Philadelphia, Paris, and moved to New York City in 1900. He was inspired by realist painters: Manet (FR), Hals (Dutch), Valasquez & Degoya (ES), the spectacle of common life and ordinary people. His mantra, be a man first and an artist second.
Robert Henri
This exhibition was sponsored by members of the Ashcan School that Henri called The 8.
Name the exhibition, where it was held and what year.
Macbeth Gallery Exhibition, New York, 1908
This group of artists had in a common a desire to rebel against the conservative art establishment and made up members of the Ashcan School: Henri, Sloan, Glackens, Luks, Shinn, Lawson, Davies, Predergast.
They had a range of styles and subjects and also worked in commercial artwork magazines and newspapers as skilled illustrators.
The Eight
Both Members of This Club, 1909
Ashcan
George Bellows (1882-1925) - urban impressionist
The ideology of manliness of the Ashcan School is shown here.
Boxing scene. Two male boxers, demonic male viewers
Illudes to the legal status of boxing which is in flux, race relations, rise of the black boxer (Jack Johnson, Thommy Burns. etc. ), and the bloodlust of fans.
In the Elevated, 1916
Theresa Bernstein
Painted the urban spectacle, but were not part of The Eight. Cause … sexism.
Studio near time square and Byrant Park studied a broad range of New Yorkers.
Hester Street, Egg Stand Group, 1895
photograph
Alice Austen - she’s the one with the Stanton island home that a museum!
Staton Island
Camera records family and friends near home
Lower east side immigrant life
Same street that was an inspiration for George Luks.
Portrait of Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, 1916
Robert Henri
Lounging in pants, she could not hang this in her house so it went into her studio.
She is an American artist and sculptor who gives critical support to artists during this period. Unlike Gardner, Fricke, and JP Morgan who collected old European masters, she collected contemporary American art and with her collection founded the Whitney Museum of Art.
Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney
Pennsylvania Station, New York, 1906-10
Designed by the architecture firm of McKim, Mead, and White
Now demolished, but was one of the largest building projects of two city blocks. 8 acres. Designed in Beaux-Arts style. Faces modeled after the Orman Baths of Caracalla.
Inspired artists: Abbott and Bellows.
Pennsylvania Station Interior, 1936
photograph
Berenice Abbott
Part of a series of photos of this Station.
Subject: Station Interior.
Pennsylvania Station Excavation, c. 1907-1908
George Bellows - urban realist also painted New York.
This painting is of the excavation project for the station. It transformed the landscape. Contemporary urban reality as subject matter.
Emotion charge of muscular realist style.
Chimney’s spill soot.
He’s interested in the put where fire burns and workers lose their lives.
Ludlow Massacre, cover of The Masses, June 1914
Ashcan
John Sloan - urban realist
Socialism and art, graphic artist.
Examples of a political illustration he did for the Socialist journal, The Masses.
Ludlow Massacre in Colorado, violent struggle between workers and corporate capitalist. Minors, asking for more pay and better working conditions. Social and political injustice.
A Woman’s Work, 1912
Ashcan
John Sloan - urban realist
Although Dolly, Sloans wife worked to help Female Mill workers, Sloan chose this for his subject matter.
These two ashcan school artists contributed political illustrations to the socialist journal, The Masses.
Bellows and Sloan.
Shifts after WWI
Ashcan members go their own ways, out of NYC, to France or to Hollywood.
Illustrations are being replaced by photographs.
The reform mentality of progressive error is replaced with that of the roaring 20’s capitalism.
Lower-class life is no longer at the forefront of popular discussion, and the mood is celebratory after the winning of the war.
Girls Dancing, 1907
sculpture
Abastenia St. Leger Eberle
She sculps everyday life, in parallel with Ashcan.
This, George Luks’ The Spielers only in a sculpture. She believes that artists have a social mission to reveal the world around them.
Follower of social reformer Jane Adams
Lived in the lower east side but from the midwest.
White Slave, 1913
Where was this image published? In what year?
Where was this piece shown?
Abastenia St. Leger Eberle
Image - Published in The Survey, 3 May 1913.
sculpture
She sculps everyday life. Shown at the Armory Show, 1913 White girls were sold into slavery. Condemned for its realism. 1915 organized an exposition for women artists. Women's rights. Raised money for the suffrage movement.
The sculptural equivalent to Ashcan School, she is a genre sculptor who focuses on people of the lower class for her subject matter. She could break easily with established tradition because of her little means. Labor, urban life, popular entertainment. Small-scale bronzes focus on street urchins or women’s domestic or maternal duties.
Abastenia St. Leger Eberle
Man With Pick, 1915, height 28 ½”
sculpture
Mahonri Young
Brigham Young’s son.
The portrayal of unskilled labor
This shows the strength of the male body and the hard work in which is was put.
Tradition, 1916
Kenyon Cox
Represents the renaissance aesthetic of the academy.
Portrait of Alfred Stieglitz, 1902
Gertrude Käsebier - a member of 291
Rodin with his Sculptures, Victor Hugo and The Thinker, 1902
Edward Steichen - a member of 291
Was once a painter.
Studied in Europe and introduced Stieglitz to works of modernist Europeans like Rodin.
This, an example of pictorialism
