Module 2 Flashcards
This man is said to be culturally ambitious for the new nation.
Samuel F.B. Morse
He was a skilled artisan, silversmith, maker of teapots and tea sets which were complex objects. Longfellow wrote a poem about him and his ride. Master of the rococo style in 2D paintings and silverware. Silver was commissioned by the Boston aristocracy.
Paul Revere
What painting genre is a significant area of artistic production, representing important artifacts of early nationhood
Portraiture
Name architectural symbols of the new nation.
Plan for capital Washington D.C
United States Capitol
Henry Pelham (Boy with a Squirrel) (Boston)
John Singleton Copley
1765
Shown at the society of artists in London, exhibits his ability to capture surfaces with verisimilitude.
Nicholas Boylston
Boston
John Singleton Copley
1767
Boylston is a wealthy Boston merchant. Boats in the background represent his ties to international trade. Accounting books, Chippendale seat, copied from new styles in London. He’s at east at home, no wig. Portrait commissioned in celebration of his stature. He imported textiles, paper, tea, glass. He was a loyalist, whose goods were taxed angering consumers in America.
Mrs. Ezekiel Goldthwait (Elizabeth Lewis)
Boston
John Singleton Copley
A most successful and unified pendant portrait of a wife of a wealthy politician. Boston town clerk, auditor. Represents family life, she’s at home, plump and prosperous, Chippendale table, a feeling of satisfaction with status, with imported things. Subdued colors, her face, and hands are illuminated.
Material Wealth. Impeccable material detail. Each of his subjects in this series are interrupted mid-action, looking at the camera. Fruit is her fertility or their gardens or a feminine symbol.
The Bloody Massacre
Boston
Paul Revere (engraved it) after Henry Pelham (designed) 1770, hand-colored engraving
political cartoon
confrontation between British troops and unarmed Boston residents over trade restrictions and taxes.
Paul Revere
Boston
John Singleton Copley
1768
Portrayed as a skilled artisan, he holds a teapot, a psychologically intense portrait. An artisan in dress sleeves shown at work is an unprecedented subject matter for Copley and also for portraiture of this time in America. Conveys intelligence with his gaze. Spare setting, no-frills, no wig, work clothes but with gold buttons, clean and polished table - this is an idealized setting, not a true workman’s table. the teapot is an aesthetic choice, but also a political one.
This house resembles the Parson Capen’s House in Topsfield, MA in construction and minimal ornimentation.
Paul Revere House, Boston, MA, c. 1676.
Successful and skilled silversmith, commissioned my aristocracy of Boson this includes the Sons of Liberty Bowl
and commemorates radical Wigs and the 92 members of the MA house of representative.
Paul Revere, Tea Service, 1792, Silver and wood
Tea service referenced: status, land, courtship, sexual pursuit.
THIS silverware showcases HIS high level of craftsmanship and engraving, dominance in production as this beverage’s popularity comes back after the war. Now an entire set is purchased, instead of individual pieces.
Paul Revere, Teapot, 1790-95, silver, 6 x 3 1/2 x 11 3/8”
The Copley Family
John Singleton Copley
1776-77
Painted in London and shown at the Royal Academy. Delighted of being joined by wife, children, and father-in-law, Richard Clark a Tori merchant. Reflects a shift to a more gentle approach to child-rearing, love and affection is now shown in 18C family portraits.
Watson and the Shark
John Singleton Copley
1778
Painted in London, showing how his style had changed while here. The austerity of his colonial painting is lost, now more loser palette, brighter colors, more complex composition. This is a true event. Havana harbor. Watson is a Tory leader and merchant. Slavery discussion.
The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker’s Hill, 17 June 1775
John Trumbull
1786
colorful, dramatic, diagonal in composition, conveys insanity and heroic deaths.
first in his series. British breakthrough the lines resulting in hand-to-hand combat. Shows honorable behavior transcends international borders.
The Death of General Montgomery in the Attack on Quebec, 31 December 1775,
John Trumbull
1786
colorful, dramatic, diagonal in composition, conveys insanity and heroic deaths.
reverses the diagonal from general Warren’s death but keeps many compositional devices. British triumphs.
Depicts the moment Montgomery dies. Captains dead at his feet. rich glowing colors, the excitement of battle.
The Declaration of Independence
John Trumbull
1786-1797
For the Captial building rotunda. First of 4 revolutionary scenes commissions by the government. Enlarged version.
Begun in Paris, Jefferson gave him an account. Instead of a single person presenting the Declaration of Ind. which is accurate, he chose to represent all 47 individuals who represent the founding of our nation, even those who were not really present or those who opposed the document. the room is not true - more elegant seats, more elegant drapes, meant to make America more sophisticated. this draft is being presented to the 2nd continental congress. Signed July 4th, 1776.
George Washington (Vaughn Portrait)
Gilbert Stuart
1795
Representational of the nation. Continental army First president Wealthy farmer He looks out at the viewer with confidence
George Washington (Lansdowne Portrait)
Gilbert Stuart
1796
Commissioned by Bingham for Lansdowne
Statesman and not landowner, republican and not monarchial. Public address and roman posture, new national iconography - bald eagle and stars.
Colonel James Swan
Gilbert Stuart
1795
Financier. sons of liberty. Brushstrokes have captured the subject’s lively character, especially around the eyes.
Mrs. Richard Yates
Gilbert Stuart
1793
American’s are more forthright and literal and his style changed accordingly.
Appraising character is shown here. An artistic masterpiece, and visual representation of the new nation.
William Pitt, Earl of Chatham
Sculpture
Patience Lovell Wright
1779, wax effigy, life-size
Female artist, earliest American sculptors, relocated to England. patriot and spy for Americans, subjects were both patriots and loyalists including George III. this is the only sculpture remaining of her work. Displayed in West Minster Abbey. Pitt is sympathetic to America.
George Washington
statue
Jean-Antoine Houdon
1788
French. No American sculptors can do this. Roman republican symbols. 13 rods original states and its support. Military experience is represented by the sword.
Engraving of George Washington ascending to Heaven.
John James Barralet ca. 1747-1815, Apotheosis of Washington, 1800-02. Engraving
Showing WA being taken to heaven by angels.
Isaac Winslow and his Family
Joseph Blackburn
1755
Portrait painter Came to colonies from England Boston, 1755 Wealthy merchant and family status is depicted in poses, clothing, and landscape background.
The James McCormick Family
Joshua Johnston
c. 1805
First known African American portraitist in America.
Most known work is of prosperous white families
Here, merchant
Born a slave
Baltimore area
Neutral lighting, undifferentiated space, formulaic faces, rigid, bright white black and brown with red accents.
Portrait of a Cleric
Joshua Johnston
1805
One of two portraits done by Johnston of people of AA decent features carefully modeled.
Virginia State Capitol building
Architecture symbols of a new nation.
Who designed it, where is it located and what was its inspiration?
Thomas Jefferson,
Richmond, 1785-89
Inspired by the ideals of the roman republic fashioned after the Maison Carree, the Roman temple in Nimes. Neoclassical forms were believed to be important for public buildings. Hudon’s statue of Washington was installed here.
Monticello
Architecture symbols of a new nation.
Thomas Jefferson
Charlottesville, VA, 1770-82 and 1796-1809
This residence uses classical forms, inspired by Italian architect Andrea Palladio. Slaves lived here.
Plan for Washington, D.C., 1791
Pierre Charles L’Enfant,
French architects, designed radiating avenues on a grid plan, fashioned after Versailles. Visual links between capital and president’s house. The design absorbs future growth. Grand avenues and vistas.
United States Capitol, Washington, D.C., 1792-1850
William Thornton, Benjamin Henry Latrobe, and Charles Bulfinch
Design competition won by Thornton then altered by Bulfinch and Latrobe. Fire gutted in 1814 in the war of 1812. Classical model. Roman republic with greek democracy motifs.
Tobacco leaf capital, United States Capitol, Washington, D.C., 1792-1850
Benjamin Henry Latrobe
Greek orders with American influence
Corn capital, United States Capitol, Washington, D.C., 1792-1850.T.
Benjamin Henry Latrobe
Greek orders with American influence
United States Capitol, Washington, D.C., as enlarged
& dome.
by Thomas Ustick Walter, 1851-65
Enlarged to accommodate 18 new states
cast-iron dome by Walter
decoration included sculpture and painting, in the rotunda. List of paintings that she calls out that are present.
Eastern State Penitentiary, Philadelphia, PA, completed 1829
John Haviland,
Panopticon. This prison kept people in solitary confinement. each cell was equipped for isolation. fortress architecture, a place for incarceration and not for rehabilitation.
The Murder of Jane McCrea
Narratives of captivity
John Vanderlyn
1803-4
Classicizing references to 2 native warriors beheading Jane McCrea, a revolutionary wed to a loyalist.
British employment of native warriors
Her murder justified murder of indigenous peoples.
Represents the vulnerability of the colonists in the new world.
Young Omawhaw, War Eagle, Little Missouri, and Pawnees
Charles Bird King
1822
This painting emphasizes dignity and peacefulness in a time when savage views of native populations continue, although their dress indicates other rather than noble savages. In this time, a desire for assimilation became a desire for removal
The House of Representatives
Samuel F.B. Morse
1822-23
A history painting inspired by an American subject.
Careful attention to architecture and lighting
GLory to a young nation, reason, American democracy in action. portrays a night scene with lamplight, congress’s dedication transcends the day.
The Gallery of the Louvre
Samuel F.B. Morse
1831-33
Depicted: Himself, his daughter, sculptor Horatio Guirino and writer James Fenimore Cooper. Showcases the cultural benefits of the Louvre. Celebrating the talents mostly European artists. Wanted to bring culture to the masses. Power of instruction, cultural achievements, ambition to envigorate the splendor of renaissance, culture’s role in a democratic society.
Peale Family Group
Charles Willson Peale, 1771-3, 1809
He has a large family,
It’s his brother James whose children were great artists.
The Artist and His Museum
Charles Willson Peale
1822
Interested in natural history, organized United Statues Science Exhibition. Founded Peal’s American Museum - one of the earliest. Botanical specimens. Birds, archeological items. Combined art and natural history. American turkey, artist pallet, his revolutionary portraits. Science art and nationalism combined, focused on America whereas Morse focused in the Louvre on European talent.
Exhuming the First American Mastodon
Charles Willson Peale
1805
Peal’s American Museum in Philadelphia, first to showcase mastodon bones. Fossilized remains. Peale helped excavate an entire skeleton. Popular natural history exhibit at the time. Natural hyme for the new nation. Proves American landscape, flora and fauna were not weak and in fact vigorous, as was attributed by Europeans.
Samuel F.B. Morse
Daguerreotype
Mathew Brady, c. 1845
Samuel FB Morse taught the Daguerreotype process to Matthew Brady. His left hand on the telegraph.
what technology allowed for scientific likeness.
Daguerreotype, invented 1839
Announced in Paris in the summer of 1839.
Morse was there as well and brought the process to America. Helped artists and critics look at nature, reducing the desire for portrait paintings.
Founded by Samuel Moris. The American art school taught anatomy and perspective. New York.
National Academy of Design, 1825
New York.
This begins in 1775
the American Revolution begins
Colonial America’s leading artist and first great American portraitist before the revolutionary war. Boston-born, he painted many notable people - clergy, politicians, merchants, a few artisans - of Boston before during, and after the revolution. Studies with printmaker step-father, copied engravings, keen to details and texture. A friend of Benjamin West. His style is subdued color, direct, intimate, austere, focusing on human character. Left Boston in 1774, never returned. In 1783 he became a member of the British Royal Academy.
John Singleton Copley
The appearance of being true or real
Verisimilitude
Known for battle scenes, he wished to commemorate the events of America’s revolution. Applauded by Abigail Adams for immortalizing heroes of the nation. Entered into art after being inspired by his sister’s needlework. Gentleman, patriot, and artist. Son of Connecticut’s governor. Continental army. 1780 left for London. Studied with Benjamin West. American’s weren’t into it, they wanted portraiture. He gave many paintings to Yale, he is buried with the first art gallery on a university campus at Yale which he designed.
John Trumbull
What are the four paintings that John Trumbull made for the Capital Building rotunda?
Declaration of Independence - first
The surrender of General Burgoyne at Saratoga
Surrender of Lord Conwell Cornwallis at Yorktown
Washington resigning his commission - last
He is a well-known portrait artist who often depicted George Washington. Studied in Scotland, England, and Ireland and was a student of Benjamin West. Famous in England and in America.
Gilbert Stuart
Architect of the University of Virginia
The Statue building in Richmond, Virginia
and his home, Monticello
Coined “we hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal”
Thomas Jefferson
She urged her husband not to forget about the ladies and promised to foment a revolution and disregard laws that were made without voice or representation.
Abigail Adams.
This is a disciplinary concept brought to life in the form of a central observation tower placed within a circle of prison cells.
Panopticon
A founder of the National Academy of Design in New York 1825. Studied in London, a member of the Royal Academy a mater of history paintings like that of the House of Representatives, but he took up portrait painting which was more the style of the time. He invented the telegraph and the Moris Code. He also taught the Daguerreotype process to Matthew Brady.
Samuel Moris
Established one of the first museums in America, he was a soldier and naturalist. Portrait painter, of many figures in the American Revolution. He’s named his many kids all those aspirational names like Rembrandt, Rubens, Sophonisba, Angelica Kaufman, etc. after famous artists. he was originally a locksmith and a silversmith. He studied in London with Benjamin West.
Charles Willson Peale
