Module 5.3 - Oscillations Flashcards
Define simple harmonic motion
The oscillation of an object is such that its acceleration is directly proportional to the displacement from its equilibrium position and is always directed towards that point
Define displacement
Distance from the equilibrium position
May be positive or negative
Define amplitude
Maximum displacement
Will always be positive
Define period
Time taken for one complete pattern of oscillation
Define frequency
Number of oscillations per unit time
Define phase difference
Fraction of an oscillation between the position of two oscillating points
Expressed in degrees or radians
Define angular frequency
Rate of change of angular position
Define isochronus
The period of an object in simple harmonic motion is constant and independent of the amplitude of the oscillation
Define damping
Reduce the amplitude of an oscillation with time, due to energy being removed from the oscillating system
Define free oscillations
Occur when there is no external, periodic force
The system oscillates at its natural frequency
Define natural frequency
Frequency at which a system will oscillate when undergoing free oscillations
Define forced oscillations
Occur when an external driving force is applied to keep the body oscillating
The system oscillates at the frequency of the driving force that is causing the oscillations
Define driving frequency
Frequency of the driving force applied to an oscillating object
Define resonance
Occurs in forced oscillations when the driving frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the system being forced to oscillate
This results in the body oscillating at its natural frequency and maximum amplitude
