Module 5, Year 1 - Neurophysiology & UCSC, Mechanoreceptive Dysafferentation Flashcards
The tectorial membrane is taut at…
15 degrees flexion, 20 degrees extension
The apical ligament is taut at…
20 degrees flexion, 30 degrees extension
The anterior atlantodentate ligament is taut at…
Less than 10 degrees rotation
Which of the following ligaments connect the occiput to the anterior tubercle of the atlas?
a) anterior longitudinal ligament
b) Lateral atlanto-occipital membrane
c) Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
d) Posterior longitudinal ligament
e) Tectorial ligament
c) Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
- The tectorial membrane contains type 3 collagen fibres which have a higher elastic fiber component. Due to this feature, the tectorial membrane begins to limit flexion and extension at the CCJ at which degrees of movement respectively?
a. 20 degrees of flexion, 15 degrees of extension
b. 15 degrees of flexion, 20 degrees of extension
c. 10 degrees of flexion, 15 degrees of extension
d. 5 degrees of flexion, 10 degrees of extension
e. 20 degrees of flexion, 10 degrees of extension
b. 15 degrees of flexion, 20 degrees of extension
- Which of the following is true regarding chiropractic and stroke?
a. Many people will seek help for headaches and neck pain from their doctor or chiropractor
b. A stroke may present with unilateral neck pain and headache, often described as the worst headache of their life
c. Strains sustained by the vertebral artery during SMT are approx. 1/9th of the strain at mechanical failure
d. The vast majority of strokes related to cervical SMT occur in the vertebra-basilar, specifically between C1 and C2
e. All of the above
e. All of the above
Which of the following statements is false?
a) No significant changes in VA blood flow have been overserved in healthy young adults
b) No significant associated between loss of cervical lordosis and decreased VA hemodynamics have been found
c) 30 degrees of cervical rotation causes contralateral VA kinking
d) 45 degrees of cervical rotation causes ipsilateral VA kinking
e) The vertebral artery becomes compresed with 10 degrees of extension at the atlanto-axial joint
b) No significant associated between loss of cervical lordosis and decreased VA hemodynamics have been found
[A significant association has been found between a loss of lordosis and reduced VA diameter, flow volume, and peak systolic velocity]
Which of the following statements is false?
a) The transverse ligament is proatantal derivative and is first seen in the embryo when it is 27mm long
b) The anterior atlantodental ligament is found approx. 81% of people and is located below the fovea dentis and the dens
c) The anterior atlantodental ligament become taut with C1/C2 rotation prior to the alar ligaments
d) Only flexion will produce tension in Barkow’s ligament
e) The cruciate ligament has three parts
d) Only flexion will produce tension in Barkow’s ligament
Barkow’s ligament produces tension with EXTENSION
The three parts of the cruciate ligament are the transverse ligament, cranial crus, and caudal crus
- Which of the following is a function of the alar ligaments?
a. Check rotation (aka check ligaments)
b. Left alar ligament controls right axial rotation
c. The superior part of the contralateral alar ligament becomes taught in lateral flexion
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
d. All of the above
What is the tensile strength of the following ligaments: Transverse ligament Capsular ligament Alar ligament Tectorial membrane Lateral atlanto-occipital ligament
Transverse - 400N Capsular - 300N Alar - 200N Tectorial - 80N Lateral atlanto-occipital - 40N
Which of the following is true regarding the accessory atlantoaxial ligament?
a) Maximally taut at 5-10 degrees of extension
b) It is found in 92% of specimens
c) It is lax in flexion
d) It is located between the occiput, atlas, and axis
e) It is taut with rotation of the head at 15-20 degrees
d) It is located between the occiput, atlas, and axis
It is maximally taut at FLEXION.
It is found in 100% of specimens.
It is lax in EXTENSION.
It is taut with rotation of the head at 5-8 degrees.
The tectorial membrane are made of what kind of tissue?
Type 3 collagen
Describe Type 1 Mechanoreceptors
Slow adapting, ruffini, low threshold
Describe Type 2 Mechanoreceptors
Low threshold, fast adapting, pascini corpuscles
Describe Type 3 Mechanoreceptors
High threshold, slow adapting, golgi tendon
Describe Type 4 Mechanoreceptors
High threshold, fast adapting, nociceptors
Why might obliquus muscles have higher muscle spindle concentration than the rectus capitis?
Possibly due to the limited ROM at C0-C1 joint complex and greater ROM at C1-C2. Either way, all suboccipital muscles have a lack of golgi tendon organs and are not designed for movement; they instead relay information about the joint position
What is clinically significant about forward head carriage?
For every inch forward, it adds an extra 10lbs on the head
A fibrous capsule surrounds the occipital condyles and the atlas superior facets, this capsule is reinforced by what ligaments?
Oblique bands called the lateral antlanto-occipital ligaments (the lateral bands of the atlanto-occipital membrane)
They are continuous with the articular capsule
What are the connecting points for the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane?
The anterior foramen magnum to the superior portion of the atlas anterior tubercle
What ligament strengthens the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane?
Its strengthened by the ANTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT which runs from the basilar portion of the occipital bone, atlas anterior arch and all vertebral bodies and discs before ending at the anterior superior sacrum. It widens as it descends.
Name the origin and insertion of the tectorial membrane.
Continuation of the PLL from cranial base (clivus) to the body of the axis, but NOT to the dens
Is the tectorial membrane taught in both flexion and extension of the AA joint?
Yes, flexion at 15 degrees and extension at 20 degrees
This ligament helps stabilize the skull on the cervical spine posteriorly and attaches
to the EOP, the posterior atlas tubercle and the spinous processes of C1-C7.
Ligamentum nuchae (or nuchal ligament)