Module 4, Year 1 - Biomechanics Flashcards
When a joint in the body is subjected to external forces, in the form of external loads and muscle forces, the initial reaction forces acting at the contact surfaces are called the __________.
a) Joint reaction forces
b) Contact area forces
c) External reaction forces
d) Contact reaction forces
a) Joint reaction forces
The area of contact between two joint surfaces in the _________.
a) Joint surface area
b) Contact area
c) Force area
d) Reaction area
b) Contact area
Stress in the contacting surface is known as the _________.
a) Contact stress
b) Surface stress
c) Reaction stress
d) Pressure stress
a) Contact stress
The resistance to movement between two surfaces is known as _________.
a) Reaction
b) Force
c) Friction
d) Wear
c) Friction
The ratio of friction force necessary to initiate a sliding motion between two bodies and the normal compressive force between two bodies is known as _________.
a) Coefficient of friction
b) Ratio of friction
c) Farces
d) Contact ration
a) Coefficient of friction
What is the removal of surface material due to sliding motion between two surfaces?
a) Wear
b) Force
c) Friction
d) Contact
a) Wear
What is the name for an interposed substance that separates two contacting surfaces?
Lubricant
What is the porous, spongy bone found inside the shell of compact cortical bone?
a) Cortical bone
b) Spongy bone
c) Cancellous bone
d) Porous bone
c) Cancellous bone
What is the name of the specialized connective tissue with a high collagen content, but no mineral content?
a) Bone
b) Ligament
c) Cartilage
d) Fat
c) Cartilage
The cartilage which is located at the articulating ends of long bones and is an essential soft tissue associated with normal joint motion is known as what?
a) Hyaline
b) White fibrocartilage
c) Yellow elastic fibrocartilage
d) Brown fibrocartilage
a) Hyaline
Posterior-to-anterior glide and anterior-to-posterior glide are examples of what type of movements along the z-axis?
a) Clockwise
b) Translational
c) Curvilinear
d) Synathroses
d) Synathroses
Which type of joints are considered “free movable”?
a) Synovial Joints
b) Close Packed
c) Open Packed
d) Bounded Packed
a) Synovial Joints
The term referring to experimentation relating to the study of the whole living subject in a natural environment.
a) In vivo
b) In vitro
c) In silico
d) In sitro
a) In vivo
The term referring to experimentation relating to the study of the whole living subject outside its natural environment.
a) In vivo
b) In vitro
c) In silico
d) In sitro
b) In vitro
The physiologic movement which occurs at the joint when muscles contract or when gravity acts on bone to cause motion.
a) Osteokinematic
b) Arthokinematic
c) Hydroneumatic
d) Statoneumatic
a) Osteokinematic
The specific movements that occur at the articulating joint surfaces.
a) Osteokinematic
b) Arthrokinematic
c) Hydroneumatic
d) Statoneumatic
b) Arthrokinematic
Term denotes the location point of the axis around which motion occurs.
a) Instantaneous pivot point
b) Rotation of axis
c) Axis of pivot
d) Instantaneous axis of rotation
d) Instantaneous axis of rotation
Term used to describe the position when the joint capsule and ligaments are maximally tightened.
a) Close-packed position
b) Open-packed position
c) Open-max position
d) Max-open position
a) Close-packed position
This occurs when a joint moves toward its close-packed position.
a) Compression
b) Distraction
c) Rotation
d) Shearing
a) Compression
This occurs when a joint moves toward its open-packed position.
a) Distraction
b) Compression
c) Shearing
d) Rotation
a) Distraction
Also known as torsional loading, occurs when the body moves in concentric circles or an arc.
a) Rotation
b) Distraction
c) Compression
d) Techtortion
a) Rotation
The deformation of a body increases the proportion to the load that is applied, is the definition of what?
a) Newton’s 1st Law
b) Wolf’s Law
c) Hooke’s Law
d) Newton’s 2nd Law
c) Hooke’s Law
Two adjacent vertebrae and the joint that links them, with the skeletal muscle that moves the articulation describes what?
a) Articulated Segment
b) Bonded Interconnection
c) Spinal Accessory Unit
d) Functional Spinal Unit
d) Functional Spinal Unit
Which muscle is the only muscle to actively move the atlas (C1) vertebra?
a) Longus Coli
b) Sternocleidomastoid
c) Alar
d) Semispinalis Cervicis
a) Longus Coli
Movements of the medial (internal) and lateral (external) rotation in the extremities, as well as axial rotation in the spine, occur around it and through the transverse plane.
a) The coronal axis (x-axis)
b) The sagittal axis (z-axis)
c) The longitudinal axis (y-axis)
d) The rotational axis (r-axis)
c) The longitudinal axis (y-axis)
The motions of flexion and extension occur about this axis and through the sagittal plane.
a) The coronal axis (x-axis)
b) The sagittal axis (z-axis)
c) The longitudinal axis (y-axis)
d) The rotational axis (r-axis)
a) The coronal axis (x-axis
Coefficient of friction
The ratio of friction force necessary to initiate a sliding motion between two bodies and the normal compressive force between two bodies
First-class lever
The axis (fulcrum) is located between the force and resistance
Functional Spinal Unit
Two adjacent vertebrae and the joint that links them, with the skeletal muscle that moves the articulation
Helical axis of motion
The axis of motion when 3-dimensional motion occurs between objects; a screw axis of motion
Inertia
The property of a body to remain at rest, or in a uniform motion unless acted upon by another force. Newton’s first law: The mass of a body determines the magnitude of this resistance.
Instantaneous axis of roation
Term denotes the location point of the axis around which motion occurs
In Silico
Experimental studies which simulate the living system
In Vitro
The term referring to experimentation relating to the study of the whole living subject outside its natural environment
In Vivo
The term referring to experimentation relating to the study of the whole living subject in a natural environment
Joint reaction forces
The initial reaction forces acting at the contact surfaces when a joint in the body is subjected to external forces, in the form of external loads and muscle forces
Longitudinal axis (y-axis)
Movements of medial (internal) and lateral (external) rotation in the extremities, as well as axial rotation in the spine, occur around it and through the transverse plane
Shearing
A result of the translation of one body over another
Second-class lever
The resistance is between the axis and the force
Third-class lever
The force is between the axis and the resistance
Coronal axis (x-axis)
The motions of flexion and extension occur about this axis and through the sagittal plane
