Module 4, Year 1 - Biomechanics Flashcards
When a joint in the body is subjected to external forces, in the form of external loads and muscle forces, the initial reaction forces acting at the contact surfaces are called the __________.
a) Joint reaction forces
b) Contact area forces
c) External reaction forces
d) Contact reaction forces
a) Joint reaction forces
The area of contact between two joint surfaces in the _________.
a) Joint surface area
b) Contact area
c) Force area
d) Reaction area
b) Contact area
Stress in the contacting surface is known as the _________.
a) Contact stress
b) Surface stress
c) Reaction stress
d) Pressure stress
a) Contact stress
The resistance to movement between two surfaces is known as _________.
a) Reaction
b) Force
c) Friction
d) Wear
c) Friction
The ratio of friction force necessary to initiate a sliding motion between two bodies and the normal compressive force between two bodies is known as _________.
a) Coefficient of friction
b) Ratio of friction
c) Farces
d) Contact ration
a) Coefficient of friction
What is the removal of surface material due to sliding motion between two surfaces?
a) Wear
b) Force
c) Friction
d) Contact
a) Wear
What is the name for an interposed substance that separates two contacting surfaces?
Lubricant
What is the porous, spongy bone found inside the shell of compact cortical bone?
a) Cortical bone
b) Spongy bone
c) Cancellous bone
d) Porous bone
c) Cancellous bone
What is the name of the specialized connective tissue with a high collagen content, but no mineral content?
a) Bone
b) Ligament
c) Cartilage
d) Fat
c) Cartilage
The cartilage which is located at the articulating ends of long bones and is an essential soft tissue associated with normal joint motion is known as what?
a) Hyaline
b) White fibrocartilage
c) Yellow elastic fibrocartilage
d) Brown fibrocartilage
a) Hyaline
Posterior-to-anterior glide and anterior-to-posterior glide are examples of what type of movements along the z-axis?
a) Clockwise
b) Translational
c) Curvilinear
d) Synathroses
d) Synathroses
Which type of joints are considered “free movable”?
a) Synovial Joints
b) Close Packed
c) Open Packed
d) Bounded Packed
a) Synovial Joints
The term referring to experimentation relating to the study of the whole living subject in a natural environment.
a) In vivo
b) In vitro
c) In silico
d) In sitro
a) In vivo
The term referring to experimentation relating to the study of the whole living subject outside its natural environment.
a) In vivo
b) In vitro
c) In silico
d) In sitro
b) In vitro
The physiologic movement which occurs at the joint when muscles contract or when gravity acts on bone to cause motion.
a) Osteokinematic
b) Arthokinematic
c) Hydroneumatic
d) Statoneumatic
a) Osteokinematic
The specific movements that occur at the articulating joint surfaces.
a) Osteokinematic
b) Arthrokinematic
c) Hydroneumatic
d) Statoneumatic
b) Arthrokinematic
Term denotes the location point of the axis around which motion occurs.
a) Instantaneous pivot point
b) Rotation of axis
c) Axis of pivot
d) Instantaneous axis of rotation
d) Instantaneous axis of rotation
Term used to describe the position when the joint capsule and ligaments are maximally tightened.
a) Close-packed position
b) Open-packed position
c) Open-max position
d) Max-open position
a) Close-packed position
This occurs when a joint moves toward its close-packed position.
a) Compression
b) Distraction
c) Rotation
d) Shearing
a) Compression
This occurs when a joint moves toward its open-packed position.
a) Distraction
b) Compression
c) Shearing
d) Rotation
a) Distraction
Also known as torsional loading, occurs when the body moves in concentric circles or an arc.
a) Rotation
b) Distraction
c) Compression
d) Techtortion
a) Rotation
The deformation of a body increases the proportion to the load that is applied, is the definition of what?
a) Newton’s 1st Law
b) Wolf’s Law
c) Hooke’s Law
d) Newton’s 2nd Law
c) Hooke’s Law
Two adjacent vertebrae and the joint that links them, with the skeletal muscle that moves the articulation describes what?
a) Articulated Segment
b) Bonded Interconnection
c) Spinal Accessory Unit
d) Functional Spinal Unit
d) Functional Spinal Unit
Which muscle is the only muscle to actively move the atlas (C1) vertebra?
a) Longus Coli
b) Sternocleidomastoid
c) Alar
d) Semispinalis Cervicis
a) Longus Coli
