Module 5 (vocabulary is on Biology ipad app)

Question 0

What determines the vast majority of characteristics in an atom?

Answer 0

The number of electrons (or protons) in an atom determines the vast majority of its characteristics.

Question 1

Describe where the protons, neutrons, and electrons are in an atom.

Answer 1

In an atom, protons and neutrons cluster together at the center, which is called the nuclus. Electrons orbit around the nucleus.

Question 2

What does a number after an atom’s name signify?

Answer 2

When a number appears after an atom’s name, it tells you the sum of protons and neutrons in the atom’s nucleus.

Question 3

What is the difference between an element and an atom?

Answer 3

An element contains all atoms that have the same number of protons ( and therefore the same number of electrons), regardless of the number of neutrons. An atom is a single entity, determined by its number of protons, electrons, and neutons.

Question 4

How many electrons are in an atom that has 32 protons?

Answer 4

32 electons

Question 5

How many atoms (total) are in a molecule of C3H8O? What atoms are present and how many of each atom?

Answer 5

3 carbon, 8 hydrogen, and 1 oxygen, for a grand total of 12 atoms

Question 6

Identify the following as an atom, element, or molecule:

a. H2CO3 b. nitrogen-14 c. P

Answer 6

a. Molecule
b. Atom
c. Element

Question 7

If you add energy to the molecules of a liquid, will it turn into a gas or a solid?

Answer 7

the liquid will turn into a gas

Question 8

A chemist wants to study diffusion. Should a semipermeable membrane be used?

Answer 8

a semipermeable membrane should NOT be used

Question 9

Two solutions of different solute concentration are separated by a membrane. After a while, the water levels of the two solutions change. Has osmosis or diffusion taken place? What kind of membrane is being used?

Answer 9

This is osmosis, which requires a semipermeable membrane.

Question 10

Consider the following chemical reaction:
N2 + 3H2 ——-> 2NH3

a. What are the reactants?
b. What are the products?
c. How many molecules of H2 are used in the reaction?

Answer 10

a. the reactants are N2 and H2
b. the product is NH3
c. there are three H2 molecules

Question 11

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? What 4 things are necessary for a plant to carry out photosynthesis?

Answer 11

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
In order for a plant to carry out photosynthesis, it needs CO2, H2O, energy from sunlight, and a catalyst like chlorophyll.

Question 12

Other than using a catalyst, how can a reaction be sped up?

Answer 12

Reactions can also be sped up by increasing temperature.

Question 13

Which of the following is a carbohydrate?

a. NH3 b. CO2 c. C2H4O d. C5H10O5 e. C3H8O3

Answer 13

d

Question 14

What kind of reaction is used for building disaccharides, polysaccharides, fats, and proteins? What kind of reaction can break these substances down?

Answer 14

Dehydration reactions build up these molecules, and hydrolysis reactions can break them down, providing the proper enzyme exists.

Question 15

Which of the following is an acid?

(see page 160)

Answer 15

c

Question 16

Describe the pH scale and what is measures.

Answer 16

The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. On this scale, 7 is neutral. Lower than 7 pH’s are acidic, and higher than 7 are alkaline. The lower the pH the more acidic, and the higher the pH the more alkaline.

Question 17

What are the basic building blocks of proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides?

Answer 17

Amino acids link together to make proteins, fatty acids link to glycerol to make lipids, and monosaccharides link together to make polysaccharides.

Question 18

If two proteins contain the same type and number of amino acids, but the order in which they link up is different, are the properties of the two proteins the same?

Answer 18

These two proteins will not have the same properties.

Question 19

What are enzymes, and for what purpose are the usually used?

Answer 19

Enzymes are a special class of proteins that are used as catalysts.

Question 20

What is the “lock and key” theory of enzyme action?

Answer 20

The “lock and key” theory of enzyme action says that an enzyme has an active site that is shaped especially for the molecule that it must work on. The action that the enzyme takes cannot happen until the molecule attaches to that active site.

Question 21

What are the basic parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 21

Three basic parts of a nucleotide are the phosphate group, the sugar, and the base.

Question 22

How does DNA store information?

Answer 22

DNA stores information as a sequence of nucleotide bases

Question 23

What holds the two helixes in a DNA molecule together?

Answer 23

Hydrogen bonds between the nucleotide bases hold the two helixes of DNA together.