Module 11 (vocabulary is on Biology ipad app)

Question 0

See page 359, question #3

Answer 0

a. Bilateral
b. Radial
c. Bilateral
d. Radial

Question 1

Do the vast majority of animals have backbones?

Answer 1

No

Question 2

How do sponges get their prey?

Answer 2

Sponges get their prey by pulling water into themselves.

Question 3

If a sponge is soft, does it contain spicules or spongin? What purpose do these substances serve in a sponge?

Answer 3

It contains spongin; these substances support the sponge

Question 4

What is the predominant mode of asexual reproduction in a sponge?

Answer 4

Budding

Question 5

What roles do amoebocytes play in the anatomy of a sponge?

Answer 5

Amebocytes help digest and transport nutrients, they help carry waste to be excreted, they bring necessary gases such as oxygen to the cells, and they form the spicules or spongin.

Question 6

When does a sponge produce gemmules?

Answer 6

A sponge produces gemmules during inclement times.

Question 7

What is the difference between the nematocysts of a hydra and those of a sea anemone?

Answer 7

Hydra nematocysts are triggered with pressure, while the sea anemone’s are triggered chemically.

Question 8

Why do cnidarians not need respiratory or excretory systems?

Answer 8

Cnidarians do not need these systems because their body walls are so thin that gases diffuse right through them.

Question 9

Some biology books say that jellyfish live “dual lives.” Why?

Answer 9

Jellyfish spend part of their lives as polyps and the other part as medusas.

Question 10

If a jellyfish reproduces sexually, what form is it in?

Answer 10

It must be in medusa form

Question 11

What is another name for a large coral colony?

Answer 11

Large coral colonies are called coral reefs.

Question 12

See page 360, question #14

Answer 12

a. Mouth
b. Ventral nerve cord
c. Seminal receptacles
d. Seminal vesicles
e. Ventral blood vessel
f. Nephridia with nephridiopores
g. Clitellum
h. Intestine
I. Dorsal blood vessel
j. Gizzard
k. Crop
l. Oviduct
m. Ovary
n. Esophagus
o. Aortic arches
p. Pharynx
a. Ganglia

Question 13

What benefits do earthworms give the plants in the soil that they inhabit?

Answer 13

Earthworms bring minerals up from the lower parts of the soil and mix them with the nutrients at the top of the soil, which makes the soil fertile for plants. Their tunnels also allow oxygen to travel to the roots of a plant more easily.

Question 14

If you pick up two earthworms and the first feels very slimy near the clitellum and the second does not, what can you conclude about the first earthworm?

Answer 14

The first one must have recently mated but not yet produced a cocoon

Question 15

What similarities exist between the hydra’s sexual reproduction and the earthworm’s? What differences exist?

Answer 15

The earthworm is hermaphroditic and the hydra can be as well. However, although a hydra can sometimes mate with itself, an earthworm cannot.

Question 16

What will happen to an earthworm if its cuticle gets dry?

Answer 16

The earthworm will suffocate

Question 17

Why don’t planarians need circulatory systems?

Answer 17

Planarians do not need circulatory systems because the intestine is so highly-branched that all cells are near it, so they can get their food directly from the intestine.

Question 18

If a flatworm has no complex nervous or digestive systems, is it most likely free-living or parasitic?

Answer 18

Parasitic

Question 19

What is the main mode of asexual reproduction in a planarian?

Answer 19

When planarians asexually reproduce, they do so by regeneration.

Question 20

Place each organism in one of the following phyla: Porifera, Cnidaria, Annelida, Mollusca, Platyhelminthes

a. Sea anemone
b. Clam
c. Sponge
d. Flatworm
e. Segmented worm

Answer 20

a. Cnidaria
b. Mollusca
c. Porifera
d. Platyhelminthes
e. Annelida