Module 3 (vocabulary is on Biology ipad app) Flashcards
Read question 2 on page 95
(no answer)
Which of the following genera contain organisms with chloroplasts:
Amoeba, euglena, paramecium, spirogyra
Euglena and Spirogyra
What is the function of a contractile vacuole? What is the difference between this and a food vacuole?
A contractile vacuole collects excess water in a cell and releases it into the surroundings to reduce the pressure inside the cell. This keeps the cell from exploding. The food vacuole, on the other hand, stores food while it is being digested and has nothing to do with excess water or pressure.
What is the difference between endoplasm and ectoplasm?
Endoplasm is thick, while ectoplasm is thin and watery.
The amoeba and euglena each have different means of locomotion. How are they different? How are they similar?
The amoeba uses pseudopods which it creates by deforming its body. The euglena, on the other hand uses a flagellum. There is one bit of similarity. When it wants to move quickly, the euglena deforms its body in an almost earthworm-type motion.
Name at least three pathogenic organisms from kingdom Protista
Entamoeba histolytica, Typanosoma, Balantidium coli, Plasmodium, and Toxoplasma
For each of the phyla below, list the means of locomotion employed by the organisms in that phyla: Sarcondina, Mastigophora, Ciliophora
Sarcodina: pseudopods, Mastigophora: flagella, Ciliophora: cilia
What are the main features that separate organisms into phylum Sporozoa?
These organisms form spores as a natural part of their life cycle and have no real means of locomotion.
A tapeworm is a parasite that feeds on the nutrients which the host eats, depriving the host of that nutrition. Trichonympha is a mastigophorite that lives in the gut of a termite, helping break down chemicals that the termite cannot break down on its own. Name the specific kind of symbiosis in each of these situations.
Trichonympha is an example of mutualism; The tapeworm is an example of parasitism
Why do the ciliates have two nuclei (plural of nucleus)? What is the purpose of each?
Ciliates require so much energy that they must have a nucleus (called the macronucleus) devoted solely to metabolism. The other, smaller nucleus (the micronucleus) controls reproduction.
What is the difference between the conjugation that occurs between paramecia and the conjugation that occurs between bacteria?
In conjugation between paramecia, there is a mutual exchange of DNA so that each paramecium gets new DNA. We learned in Module #2 that when bacteria conjugate, only one bacterium (the recipient) gets new DNA.
Two microorganism groups are studied. In the first group, the organisms form hard shells around themselves when exposed to life-threatening conditions. If not exposed to those conditions, however, these organisms never form hard shells. The second group form hard shells around themselves as a natural part of their life cycle. Which group would be classified as coming from phylum Sporozoa?
The second group produced spores, making them a part of phylum Sporozoa.
What is unique about the way a euglena obtains food?
A euglena can either live on the dead remains of other organisms or it can produce its own food by photosynthesis.
Read question 15 on page 96
Phylum Chrysophyta contains the diatoms
Read question 16 on page 96
Food vacuole- purpose: store food, phyla: Sarcodina, Mastigophora, Ciliophora
Contractile vacuole - purpose: remove excess water, reducing pressure, phyla: Sarcodina, Mastigophora, Ciliophora
Flagellum- purpose: locomotion, phylum: Mastigophora, Pyrrophyta
Pellicle- purpose: retains cell shape, phyla: Mastigophora, Ciliophora
Chloroplast - purpose: stores chlorophyll, phylum: Chlorophyta or Mastigophora
Eyespot - purpose: detects light, phylum: Mastigophora
Cilia - purpose: locomotion, phylum: Ciliphora
Nucleus - purpose: contains DNA, phyla: all phyla in Protista
Oral groove - purpose: food intake and conjugation, phylum: Ciliophora
