MODULE 5: VISUAL DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
True or False
Visual development is complete at birth
False
Changes occur within the anatomy and physiology of __________ and __________ system
ocular, cortical
Why is it important for optometrists to understand the age at which different visual functions first appear?
any delay in appearance of a particular function may indicate an underlying delay in maturation
Two techniques used to investigate the development of VA
Electrophysiological method (VEP)
Preferential Looking (PL)
What technique uses behavioral method?
Preferential Looking
Tests the integrity of the visual pathway from the retina to the cortex by recording brain activity through electrodes placed on scalp.
Visual Evoked Potential (VEP)
The origin of this test is based on observation that an infant would rather look at a pattern than a blank stimulus
Preferential Looking (PL)
This test is dependent on examiner’s ability and child’s attention
Preferential Looking (PL)
Preferential Looking approximate snellen VA in meters at birth
6/300
Preferential Looking approximate snellen VA in meters at 1 month
6/200-6/90
Preferential Looking approximate snellen VA in meters at 3 months
6/90 - 6/60
Preferential Looking approximate snellen VA in meters at 6 months
6/60-6/36
Preferential Looking approximate snellen VA in meters at 9 months
6/36-6/24
Preferential Looking approximate snellen VA in meters at 12 months
6/24
Preferential Looking approximate snellen VA in meters at 18 months
6/18-6/12
Preferential Looking approximate snellen VA in meters at 24 months
6/12-6/9
Preferential Looking approximate snellen VA in meters at 36 months
6/9-6/6
Preferential Looking approximate snellen VA in meters at 5+ years
6/6-6/5
VEP
approximate snellen VA at birth
Poor 1 cpd
VEP
approximate snellen VA at 2 months
2 cpd
VEP
approximate snellen VA at 3 months
3 cpd
VEP
approximate snellen VA at 6 months
6-20 cpd, 6/6
Tests used in getting contrast sensitivity
PL and VEP
Extremely immature at birth but develop substantially over the first few months of life
Contrast Sensitivity
CS reaches adult like values by ___________
7 month
____________ can detect changes in the orientation of stimulus
Newborns
Which gratings is preferred by newborns?
Horizontal
Oblique orientation on ________________
6 weeks of age
Infants less than 2 months of age have poor _____________
sensitivity motion
VEP responses to low velocity stimuli
10 weeks of age
Motion detection
Responses to stimuli four times fast at ___________
13 weeks
What is the first sign of visually impaired infants?
Abnormal eye movement
Sign of normal visual development or oculomotor function
Normal eye movement
Birth