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Anatomy Test #3 > Module 5: Upper Extremity #1 - Shoulder Girdle and Arm > Flashcards

Module 5: Upper Extremity #1 - Shoulder Girdle and Arm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the regions of the upper extremity?

A

Shoulder (Pectoral) Girdle

Arm

Forearm

Hand

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2
Q

What are the 3 regions of the Shoulder (Pectoral) Girdle?

A

Bony Ring

Posterior Portion

Anterior Portion

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3
Q

What makes up the bony ring of the shoulder girdle?

A

Scapula

Clavicle

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4
Q

How does the posterior portion of the shoulder girdle attach to the axial skeleton?

A

attaches via “scapthoracic joint” (not a true joint)

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5
Q

How does the anterior portion of the shoulder girdle attach to the axial skeleton?

A

attaches via SC join (true synovial joint)

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6
Q

What is considered the arm?

A

Humerus = region between shoulder and elbow

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7
Q

What is considered the forearm?

A

Radius/Ulna = region between the elbow and the wrist

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8
Q

What anatomical structures are contained in the hand?

A

Carpals

Metacarpals

Phalanges

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9
Q

What are the bony landmarks and articulations of the shoulder girdle and arm?

A

Clavicle

Scapula

Humorous

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10
Q

What is the shape of the clavicle and why is it shaped that way?

A

S shape

allows optimal shoulder elevation

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11
Q

What is so important about the clavicle?

A

only “connection” of the axial skeleton to the upper extremity

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12
Q

What are the 2 articulations of the clavicle?

A

Medial = articulation w/ manubrium = SC (sternoclavicular) joint

Lateral = articulation w/ the scapula = AC (acromioclavicular) joint

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13
Q

What are the landmarks of the clavicle?

A

Sternal end = medial

Acromial end = lateral end

Deltoid tubercle = superior surface

Impression for costoclavicular ligament = inferior surface

Subclavian groove = inferior surface

Trapezoid line = inferior surface

Conoid tubercle = inferior surface

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14
Q

What attaches to the deltoid tubercle of the clavicle?

A

deltoid muscle

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15
Q

What is the attachment of the impression for the costoclavicular ligament?

A

costoclavicular ligament (duh!)

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16
Q

What is the attachment of the subclavian groove?

A

subclavius muscle

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17
Q

What is the attachment of the trapezoid line?

A

trapezoid ligament

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18
Q

What is the attachment of the conoid tubercle?

A

conoid ligament

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19
Q

Where is the clavicle most commonly fractured?

A

@ junction between middle and lateral 1/3

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20
Q

What is a consequence of osteo-arthritis of the SC or AC joint?

A

Limit functional movement of the shoulder

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21
Q

What is another name of the scapula?

A

Shoulder blade b/c it’s got triangle shape

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22
Q

What is the function of the scapula?

A

critical role in shoulder function

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23
Q

What are the 3 articulations of the scapula?

A

Scapulothoracic articulation = not a real joint

Glenohumeral (GH) joint = glenoid fossa of scapula w/ head of the humorous

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint = acromion process of scapula w/ lateral end of the clavicle

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24
Q

What are the landmarks of the scapula (14)?

A

acromion process

coracoid process

spine of the scapula

supraspinous fossa = posterior surface

infraspinous fossa = posterior surface

subscapular fossa = anterior surface

suprascapular notch

head

neck

glenoid cavity (fossa)

supraglenoid tubercle

infraglenoid tubercle

3 borders

3 angles

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25
Q

What attaches to the acromion?

A

deltoid

trapezius

site of AC joint

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26
Q

What attaches to the coracoid process?

A

short head of the biceps brachii

coracobrachialis

pec minor

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27
Q

What attaches to the spine of the scapula?

A

deltoid

trapezius

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28
Q

What attaches to the supraspinous fossa?

A

supraspinatus

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29
Q

What attaches to the infraspinous fossa?

A

infraspinatus

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30
Q

What attaches to the subscapular fossa?

A

subscapularis

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31
Q

What attaches to the supraglenoid tubercle?

A

long head of the biceps brachii

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32
Q

What attaches to the infraglenoid tubercle?

A

long head of the triceps

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33
Q

What are the 3 borders of the scapula?

A

Medial border

Lateral border

Superior border

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34
Q

What are the 3 angles of the scapula?

A

Superior angle = junction of medial/superior borders

Inferior angle = junction of medial/lateral borders

Lateral angle = junction of lateral/superior borders (not as distinct as the others)

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35
Q

What is the other name for the humerus?

A

Arm bone

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36
Q

What are the articulations of the humerus?

A

Glenohumeral Joint (GH)

Elbow

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37
Q

Describe the GH joint

A

Head of the humerus articulates w/ glenoid fossa of scapula

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38
Q

What are the 2 articulations of the elbow?

A

Humeroradial joint

Humeroulnar joint

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39
Q

Describe the humeroradial joint

A

articulation between capitulum of humerus and radial head

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40
Q

Describe the humeroulnar joint

A

articulation between trochlea of humorous and trochlear notch of the ulna

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41
Q

What are the landmarks of the humorous (13)?

A

Head

Anatomical neck

Surgical neck

Greater tubercle

Lesser tubercle

Bicipital groove

Deltoid tuberosity

Radial (spiral) groove

Trochlea

Capitulum

3 fossa of the distal humorous

Medial epicondyle

Lateral epicondyle

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42
Q

Where is the anatomical neck of the humorous and what attaches to it?

A

medial to tubercles

indentation distal to head of humorous provides attachment for articular capsule

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43
Q

Where is the surgical neck and what is important about it?

A

distal to tubercles

common site for fractures

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44
Q

What attaches to the greater tubercle of the humorous?

A

External Rotators of the Rotator Cuff Muscles:

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

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45
Q

What attaches to the lesser tubercle of the humerus?

A

Internal Rotator of Rotator Cuff Muscles

Subscapularis

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46
Q

Where is the bicipital groove located on the humerus?

A

between lesser and greater tubercles

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47
Q

What sits in the bicipital groove?

A

Tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii

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48
Q

What else attaches to the bicipital groove?

A

Pec major –> lateral lip

Latissimus dorsi –> floor

Teres major –> medial lip

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49
Q

Where is the deltoid tuberosity located on the humorous?

A

lateral aspect near the mid-shaft

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50
Q

What attaches to the deltoid tuberosity?

A

deltoid

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51
Q

What is the Radial groove good for?

A

“groove” for radial nerve as it travels posterior to humerus

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52
Q

What are the 3 fossas of the distal humerus, which side are they found on?

A

Olecranon fossa = posterior surface

Coronoid fossa = anterior surface

Radial fossa = anterior surface

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53
Q

What attaches to the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

A

flexor muscles of the forearm

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54
Q

What attaches to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?

A

extensor muscles of the forearm

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55
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior thoracoappendicular region?

A

Pectoralis major

Pectoralis minor

Subclavius

Serratus anterior

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56
Q

How many heads does the pectoralis major have and name them?

A

2 Heads

Clavicular Head

Sternal Head

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57
Q

Which triangle is the pectoralis major part of?

A

it is the inferior border of the deltopectoral triangle

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58
Q

What does the lateral border of the pectoralis major form?

A

anterior wall of axilla

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59
Q

What is the major function of the pectoralis major?

A

adduction and medial rotation of the humerus

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60
Q

What are the other functions of the pectoralis major?

A

flexion and extension of the humerus

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61
Q

What innervates the pectoralis major?

A

lateral and medial pectoral nerves

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62
Q

Anatomically, where is the pectoralis minor located?

A

deep to the pectoral major

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63
Q

What anatomical landmark is the pectoralis minor a part of?

A

anterior wall of the axilla

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64
Q

What are the functions of the pectoralis minor?

A

stabilize the scapula

protraction and depression of the scapula

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65
Q

What innervates the pectoralis minor?

A

medial pectoral nerve

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66
Q

Where is the subclavian located and where does it attach?

A

inferior to the clavicle

attaches to subclavian groove of the clavicle

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67
Q

What is the function of the subclavian?

A

stabilize clavicle and SC joint

not fully understood, may protect subclavian artery

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68
Q

What innervates the subclavius?

A

Nerve to the subclavius

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69
Q

What does the serratus anterior form?

A

medial wall of the axilla

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70
Q

What are the major functions of the serratus anterior?

A

protraction and stabilization of the scapula

synergistically assists in the external rotation of the scapula

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71
Q

What innervates the serratus anterior?

A

long thoracic nerve

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72
Q

What happens if the long thoracic nerve is damaged?

A

paralysis/weakness of serratus anterior –> “winging of the scapula”

dysfunction of shoulder abduction

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73
Q

What are the borders of the deltopectoral triangle?

A

Deltoid

Pectoralis Major

Clavicle

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74
Q

What is the content of the deltopectoral triangle?

A

cephalic vein

passes superficial to join w/ axillary vein

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75
Q

What are the superficial posterior thoracoappendicular muscles?

A

Trapezius

Latissimus dorsi

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76
Q

What does the trapezius do?

A

Attaches shoulder girdle to axial skeleton

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77
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the trapezius and what do they do?

A

Upper = elevate, upward rotation, retraction of the scapula

Middle = Retraction of the Scapula

Lower = Depression, upward rotation, retraction of the scapula

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78
Q

When all 3 divisions of the trapezius work synergistically what do they do?

A

retract the scapula

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79
Q

What innervates the trapezius?

A

CN11

C2

C3

C4

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80
Q

What does the latissimus dorsi act on?

A

Directly on the GH joint

Indirectly on scapulothoracic joint of the shoulder

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81
Q

What is the major function of the latissimus dorsi?

A

extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus

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82
Q

Where is the distal attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Floor of the bicipital groove

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83
Q

What innervates the latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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84
Q

What are the Deep posterior thoracoappendicular muscles?

A

Levator scapulae

Rhomboid major

Rhomboid minor

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85
Q

What does the levator scapulae do when the proximal attachment is fixed?

A

elevates and downwardly rotates the scapula

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86
Q

What does the levator scapulae do when the distal attachment is fixed?

A

lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation of the neck

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87
Q

What innervates the levator scapulae?

A

C3

C4

Dorsal Scapular nerve

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88
Q

Where are the rhomboids located?

A

Deep to the trapezius

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89
Q

What does the Rhomboids do?

A

Retract and downward rotation of the scapula

Stabilizes Scapula

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90
Q

What innervates the Rhomboids?

A

Dorsal Scapula nerve

91
Q

What will you see if there is damage to the dorsal scapular nerve?

A

Scapula will deviate laterally from the midline

92
Q

What are the Scapulohumeral Muscles (there are 6)?

A

Deltoid

Teres Major

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Subscapularis

93
Q

Which Scapulohumeral muscles are considered the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Subscapularis

94
Q

How many heads does the deltoid have?

A

3:

Anterior

Middle

Posterior

95
Q

What is the function of the deltoid when all 3 heads are working synergistically?

A

abduct the arm

posterior/anterior heads stabilize humerus during abduction

96
Q

What does the deltoid do when the arm is in the adducted position?

A

assist in resisting distraction of GH joint

97
Q

What are the individual functions of the 3 heads of the deltoid?

A

Anterior = flex and internally rotate humerus

Middle = abduct humerus

Posterior = extend and externally rotate humerus

98
Q

What innervates the deltoid?

A

Axillary Nerve

99
Q

What does the teres major form?

A

inferior portion of the posterior wall of the axilla

100
Q

What is the function of the teres major?

A

adduct and internally rotate the humerus

**similar to the latissimus dorsi

101
Q

What is the distal attachment of the teres major?

A

medial lip of the bicipital groove

102
Q

What innervates the teres major?

A

Lower subscapular nerve

103
Q

In general, what do the rotator cuff muscles do?

A

dynamic stability of the GH joint

104
Q

Describe the supraspinatus muscle (Proximal Attachment, Distal Attachment, Nerve, Action)

A

P = Supraspinous fossa

D = Superior facet of the greater tuberosity

N = Suprascapular Nerve

A = Isolated action = abduct humerus

105
Q

Describe the infraspinatus muscle (Proximal Attachment, Distal Attachment, Nerve, Action)

A

P = Infraspinous fossa

D = Inferior to the supraspinatus attachment, middle face of greater tubercle

N = Suprascapular Nerve

A = Works synergistically w/ teres minor to externally rotate humerus

106
Q

Describe the teres minor muscle (Proximal Attachment, Distal Attachment, Nerve, Action)

A

P = Superior portion of the lateral border of the scapula

D = Inferior to infraspinatus attachment, inferior facet of greater tubercle

N = Axillary Nerve

A = Works synergistically w/ infraspinatus to externally rotate humerus

107
Q

Describe the subscapularis muscle (Proximal Attachment, Distal Attachment, Nerve, Action)

A

P = subscapular fossa

D = Lesser tuberosity of the humerus

N = Upper/Lower subscapularis nerve

A = Internal rotation of the humerus

108
Q

What are the anatomical landmarks of the posterior thoracoappendicular region?

A

Upper Triangle

Lower Triangle

Quadrangular Space

Triangle of Auscultation

109
Q

What are the borders of the upper triangle?

A

Superior = Teres Minor

Inferior = Teres Major

Lateral = Long Head of the Triceps

110
Q

What is the contents of the upper triangle?

A

Circumflex Scapular Artery

111
Q

What are the borders of the lower triangle?

A

Superior = Teres Major

Medial = Long head of the Triceps

Lateral = Lateral head of the Triceps

112
Q

What are the contents of the lower triangle?

A

Radial Nerve

Deep Artery of the Arm aka Profunda brachia artery

113
Q

What are the borders of the quadrangular space?

A

Superior = Teres Minor and Subscaplaris

Inferior = Teres Major

Medial = Long head of the triceps

Lateral = Surgical Neck of the humerous

114
Q

What are the contend of the quadrangular space?

A

Axillary Nerve

Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery

115
Q

What are the borders of the triangle of auscultation?

A

Trapezius

Latissimus dorsi

Medial border of the scapula

116
Q

Why is the triangle of auscultation important

A

hear breath sounds most clearly

117
Q

Describe the Blood flow from the heart to the shoulder girdle and arm

A

Aorta

Subclavian

Axillary artery

Brachial artery

Ulna/Radial arteries

Superficial/Deep palmar arches

118
Q

What are the R/L differences of the subclavian artery?

A

Right = brachiocephalic trunk –> R subclavian

Left = subclavian branches directly from aorta

119
Q

Describe how/where the axillary artery arises

A

from subclavian

Begins @ outer border of first rib

Ends @ inferior border of teres major

3 portions

120
Q

Describe how/where the brachial artery arises

A

from axillary artery

Begins @ inferior border of teres major

Ends by dividing into radial/ulna arteries @ elbow

121
Q

Which arteries supply the hands?

A

Superficial and deep palmer arteries

122
Q

What are the major blood vessels that supply the scapula region?

A

Suprascapular Artery

Subscapular Artery

Transverse Cervical Artery (deep branch)

123
Q

What are the major blood vessels that supply the shoulder (proximal Humerus)?

A

Anterior Circumflex Humeral Artery

Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery

124
Q

Where do the anterior/posterior arteries branch from?

A

3rd portion of the axillary artery

125
Q

Describe how the elbow/distal humerus are supplied by arteries

A

Brachial artery –> deep artery of the arm –> wraps posteriorly around the humorous –> radial collaterals (elbow)

Brachial artery –> ulnar collaterals (elbow)

Recurrent arteries of radial/ulna arteries form anastomoses w/ above collateral arteries

126
Q

What is the axilla?

A

pyramidal shaped region @ the junction of the arm and upper thorax

127
Q

What is clinically important about the axilla?

A

lymph drainage of breast –> axillary nodes

palpation to identify enlarged lymph nodes

128
Q

What are the Borders of the Axilla?

A

Medial Wall = Thoracic wall –> ribs 1-4 + intercostals; serratus anterior

Lateral Wall = humerus (it’s narrow)

Anterior Wall = Pec major + Pec minor

Posterior Wall = Subscapularis, Teres Major, Latissimus dorsi

129
Q

What forms the base of the axilla?

A

axillary fascia and concave skin

130
Q

What forms the apex of the axilla

A

connection between neck and axilla

space between clavicle, 1st rib and scapula

131
Q

What are the contents of the axilla?

A

Neurovascular bundle enclosed in axillary sheath =

Axillary artery and its branches, Axillary vein, Brachial Plexus

Axillary lymph nodes

132
Q

Where do the nerves that supply the thoracoappendicular region and upper extremity originate from?

A

C3 - T1

133
Q

What specifically forms the brachial plexus?

A

ventral rami of C5 - T1

134
Q

How are peripheral nerves formed?

A

from the ventral rami merging and dividing

135
Q

What are the major peripheral nerves of the upper limb?

A

Axillary

Musculocutaneous

Radial

Median

Ulnar

136
Q

Name the regions that the Brachial plexus is divided into

A

Roots

Trunks

Divisions

Cords

Branches

137
Q

What are the brachial plexus roots formed by?

A

ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 - T1

138
Q

Which muscles do the roots of the brachial plexus pass through?

A

In between anterior and middle scalene muscles

139
Q

How many trunks are formed by the roots?

A

3

140
Q

How many peripheral nerves emerge from the roots and what are their names?

A

2 peripheral nerves:

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

Long Thoracic Nerve

141
Q

What are the names of the 3 trunks of the brachial plexus, and which roots are they formed by?

A

Superior Trunk = C5 - C6

Middle Trunk = C7

Inferior Trunk = C8 - T1

142
Q

How do the trunks divide?

A

Anterior division

Posterior division

143
Q

How many peripheral nerves emerge from the trunks and what is its name?

A

1 peripheral nerve = nerve to subclavius

144
Q

What do the divisions of the brachial plexus do?

A

anterior/posterior divisions merge to form cords

145
Q

How many peripheral nerves emerge from the divisions and what is its name?

A

1 peripheral nerve = suprascapular nerve

146
Q

How many cords of the brachial plexus are there and what are they made from?

A

3:

Lateral Cord = anterior divisions of superior/middle trunks

Medial Cord = anterior division of the inferior trunk

Posterior cord = posterior divisions of all 3 trunks

147
Q

How are the cords of the brachial plexus named?

A

according to their relationship w/ the axillary artery

148
Q

What do the cords do?

A

divide and merge to form branches (peripheral nerves)

149
Q

What are the branches of the lateral cord?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

lateral pectoral nerve

1/2 of the median nerve (merges w/ medial cord)

150
Q

What are the branches of the medial cord?

A

1/2 median nerve (merges w/ lateral cord)

medial pectoral nerve

medial brachial cutaneous nerve

medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

ulnar nerve

151
Q

What are the branches of the posterior cord?

A

axillary nerve

radial nerve

thoracodorsal nerve

upper subscapular nerve

lower subscapular nerve

152
Q

What muscles do the dorsal scapular nerve innervate?

A

Rhomboids

Occasionally legator scapulae

153
Q

What muscles do the long thoracic nerve innervate?

A

serratus anterior

154
Q

What muscles do the nerve to the subclavius innervate?

A

subclavius

155
Q

Where does the supra scapular nerve pass through and what does it innervate?

A

pass through scapular notch

supplies supraspinatus and infraspinatus

156
Q

Where does the musculocutaneous nerve pass through and what does it supply?

A

Pierces Coracobrachialis

Supplies coracobrachialis, brachialis, biceps brachii

157
Q

What happens to the musculocutaneous?

A

continues on as lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm aka lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

158
Q

What does the lateral pectoral nerve supply?

A

pectoralis major

159
Q

What does the median nerve supply?

A

wrist/hand flexor muscles of the forearm

thenar region of the hand

160
Q

What does the median pectoral nerve supply?

A

pectoralis major

pectoralis minor

161
Q

What does the medial brachial cutaneous nerve supply?

A

skin of the medial arm

NO MUSCLES!

162
Q

What does the medial ante brachial cutaneous nerve supply?

A

skin of the medial forearm

NO MUSCLES!

163
Q

What does the ulnar nerve supply?

A

muscles of the hand and 1.5 flexor muscles of the forearm

164
Q

Where does the axillary nerve go?

A

exits through the quadrangular space

165
Q

What does the axillary nerve supply?

A

deltoid

teres minor

166
Q

What happens to the axillary nerve after it supplies the deltoid and teres minor?

A

continues as superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve –> supplies skin over deltoid region

167
Q

Where does the radial nerve travel?

A

posterior around humerus (in radial (spiral) groove)

168
Q

What does the radial nerve supply?

A

Triceps brachii

Anconeus

Brachioradialis

Wrist/hand extensor muscles of the forearm

169
Q

What does the thoracodorsal nerve supply?

A

Latissimus Dorsi

170
Q

What does the upper subscapular nerve supply?

A

Superior portion of the subscapularis

171
Q

What does the lower subscapular nerve supply?

A

Superior portion of inferior portion of the subscapularis

Teres major

172
Q

How are the anterior and posterior compartments of the arm divided?

A

medial and lateral intermuscular septum

173
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior muscles of the arm?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

174
Q

Which nerve innervates the posterior muscles of the arm?

A

Radial nerve

175
Q

What are the muscles of the arm?

A

Coracobrachialis

Biceps Brachii

Brachialis

Triceps Brachii

Anconeus

176
Q

Descibe the Coracobracialis (Proximal Attachment, Distal Attachment, Nerve, Action)

A

P = coracoid process of the scapula

D = middle 1/3 of medial humerus

N = musculocutaneous nerve

A = flex and adduct the arm

177
Q

Which nerve pierces through the coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous Nerve

178
Q

Descibe the Biceps Brachii (Proximal Attachment, Distal Attachment, Nerve, Action)

A

P = Long Head = supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula; Short Head = coracoid process of the scapular

D = Radial tuberosity of the radius; Bicipital aponeurosis

N = Musculocutaneous Nerve

A = Flexes arm and Forearm; Supinates forearm

179
Q

What is the bicipital aponeurosis?

A

fascia that extends from the distal biceps tendon and blends w/ fascia of flexor muscles of the forearm

180
Q

What does the bicipital aponeurosis do?

A

provides protection for structures in the cubital fossa

181
Q

What does the transverse humeral ligament do?

A

“contains” tendon of long head in bicipital groove

182
Q

What are some clinical issues associated w/ the transverse humeral ligament?

A

potential for dislocation of the tendon

183
Q

What is biceps tendonitis?

A

irritation of the long head tendon as it passes through the bicipital groove

184
Q

Whats the most important rehab for a rupture of the long head tendon of the biceps brachii?

A

Strengthening (optimal in supinated position)

185
Q

Describe the Brachialis (Proximal Attachment, Distal Attachment, Nerve, Action)

A

P = Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

D = Coronoid tuberosity of ulna

N = Musculocutaneous Nerve

A = Primary flexor of forearm, flexes forearm in all positions (supinated, neutral, or pronated)

186
Q

What is most important when rehabbing brachial is injury?

A

Strengthening in all positions

187
Q

Describe the Triceps brachii (Proximal Attachment, Distal Attachment, Nerve, Action)

A

P = 3 heads:

Long head = infraglenoid tubercle

Lateral head = posterior humerus SUPERIOR to radial groove

Medial head = posterior humerus INFERIOR to radial groove

D = Olecranon process of ulna

N = Radial nerve

A = Primary extensor of forearm

188
Q

Clincially what could happen to the triceps in a lower cervical spinal cord injury?

A

Could be severely impacted, triceps supplied by C7 and C8

Functional triceps will have a significant impact on ADLs

189
Q

Describe the Anconeus (Proximal Attachment, Distal Attachment, Nerve, Action)

A

P = lateral epicondyle of humerus

D = olecranon process of ulna

N = radial nerve

A = assists in forearm extension, stabilize below joint

190
Q

Where does the axillary nerve come from and where does it go?

A

Branches off posterior cord –> posteriorly

Exits through quad space

191
Q

What does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

Teres Minor

Deltoid

192
Q

Where does the musculocutaneous nerve come from and where does it go?

A

Begins inferior border of pec minor

Pierces coracobrachialis

Travels between biceps brachii/brachialis

Becomes lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

193
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Biceps brachii

Brachialis

194
Q

Where does the radial nerve travel?

A

Posterior to brachial artery/medial humerus in radial groove

Descends w/ deep arty of the arm

Pierces lateral intermuscular septum

Travels between brachialis and brachioradialis to elbow

195
Q

Where does the median nerve go?

A

Follows brachial artery laterally then crosses to run medial

**No branches in axilla or arm

196
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve go?

A

Travels medial to brachial artery and anterior to triceps

Pierces intermuscular septum and descends posteriorly @ mid point of humerus

Passes posterior to medial epicondyle, enters forearm

***No branches in axilla or forearm

197
Q

Where does the brachial artery come from?

A

Axillary artery @ point of the inferior border of teres major

198
Q

Where does the brachial artery end?

A

Cubital Fossa

Branches into radial/ulnar arteries

199
Q

Where does the deep artery of the arm come from?

A

Brachial Artery

200
Q

Where does the deep artery of the arm travel?

A

Posterior to humerus in radial groove

201
Q

What does the deep artery of the arm branch into?

A

Radial collateral arteries (supply lateral elbow)

202
Q

Where does the ulnar collateral branches come from?

A

Brachial artery

203
Q

What does the ulnar collateral branches supply?

A

Medial elbow

204
Q

What are the 2 joints of the upper extremity?

A

Acromioclavicular joint (AC)

Glenohumeral joint (GH)

205
Q

What are the Ligaments of the AC joint?

A

AC Ligament = superior/inferior portion

Coracoclavicular Ligament

Trapezoid Ligament = coracoid process to trapezoid line of clavicle

Conoid Ligament = coracoid process to conoid tubercle of clavicle

206
Q

How are AC joint separations classified?

A

6 Grades

Types 1 - 6

207
Q

What is a Type 1 AC Joint Separation?

A

Partial injury to AC ligaments

Coracoclavicular ligament is intact

208
Q

What is a Type 2 AC Joint Separation?

A

Disruption of AC ligaments

Coracoclavicular ligament still intact

209
Q

What is a Type 3 AC Joint Separation?

A

Disruption of AC and Coracoclavicular ligaments

Clavicle displaced superiorly

210
Q

What is a Type 4 AC Joint Separation?

A

Disruption of AC and Coracoclavicular ligaments

Clavicle is displaced superiorly and posteriorly

211
Q

What is a Type 5 AC Joint Separation?

A

Clavicle is displaced into subcutaneous position

212
Q

What is a Type 6 AC Joint Separation?

A

Rare

AC and Coracoclavicular ligaments are disrupted

Clavicle is displaced inferiorly

Often have other fractures

213
Q

What is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Articulation between the humeral head and the glenoid cavity of the humerus

214
Q

What does the glenoid labrum do?

A

Increases congruency of the joint

215
Q

What are the ligaments of the GH joint and what do they do?

A

Glenohumeral Ligaments

Coracohumeral Ligament

Coracoacromial Ligament

Transverse Humeral Ligament

216
Q

What are the glenohumeral ligaments and what do they do?

A

Strengthen anterior aspect of the joint

Superior glenohumeral ligament

Middle glenohumeral ligament

Inferior glenohumeral ligament

217
Q

Where does the coracohumeral ligament run?

A

Coracoid process to greater tuberosity of humerus

218
Q

What does the coracoacromial ligament do?

A

Forms part of coracoacromial arch

219
Q

What is the coracoacromial arch made of?

A

Coracoacromial Ligament

Acromion Process

220
Q

What is formed by the coracoacromial arch?

A

Subacromial space –> supraspinatus tendon

221
Q

What protects the supraspinatus tendon?

A

Subacromial bursa (lies between the arch and the tendon

222
Q

What does the transverse humeral ligament do?

A

Acts as bridge over the bicipital groove

Contains long head of the biceps tendon

223
Q

What are the 2 bursa of the GH joint?

A

Subacromial bursa

Subscapularis bursa

224
Q

What does the subscapularis bursa do, and where does it lie?

A

Communicates w/ GH joint capsule

Lies between subscapularis tendon and neck of the scapula

Anatomy Test #3 (3 decks)

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