MODULE 5: SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH Flashcards
WHAT IS HEALTH PROMOTION
the process of enabling people to increase control over the determinants of health and thereby improve their health
WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
access to health
public participation
health promotion
interdisciplinary/intersectoral/. collaborative approach
appropriate use of technologies
WHAT ARE DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH AND STATUS OF INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS CALLED?
health inequalities
EXPLAIN HEALTH INEQUITY AND HEALTH EQUITY
health inequity: is health inequalities that are unfair or unjust or unmodifiable ex. people in rural areas not getting access to fresh fruit
health equity: is the absence of unfair systems and policies that cause health inequalities
NAME THE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
income and social status
employment and working conditions
education and literacy
physical environment
social supports and coping skills
healthy behaviours
access to health services
biology and genetics
gender
culture
race/racism
childhood experiences
FACTORS OF INCOME AND SOCIAL STATUS
- greatest determinant of health
- income
- income distribution
- social status
objective: low income cut off
FACTORS OF EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS
- can either support health or pose health hazards
- healthy work environments include job security, safe physical conditions, reasonable work pace, low stress, opprotunities for self expression, participation, work-life balance.
objective: physical work environment
FACTORS OF EDUCATION AND LITERACY
- health status improves with education and literacy
indirect impact: income, work environment, stress
direct impact: access to health services and information, reading labels, health information
objective: comprehension of english and use of books, magazines, and health literature
FACTORS OF PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
- urban qualities
-urban development (affordable housing, living near factories, etc) - climate change
planetary health: affects social, and environmental determinants of health-clean air, safe drinking water, sufficient food, and secure shelter
objective: air quality index
WHAT IS A NURSES ROLE IN PLANETARY HEALTH
- Using less wasteful materials
- advocating for policies
- impowering families to make healthy choices in regards to planetary health
WHAT CAN NURSES DO TO REMOVE CLUTTER
- decrease cluter
- paper disposable waste
-WHIMIS - ASPETIC technique
FACTORS OF SOCIAL SUPPORTS AND HEALTHY COPING SKILLS
- social supports affect health, health behaviours, and health utilization and is linked to positive health outcomes
- certain factors like being 2SLGBTQIA+, mentally/physically challenged, being marginalized, having limited resources, or being an immigrant increase chances for isolation
-social isolation is linked to causing type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, depression, anxiety, suicidal tendencies, self harm, dementia, and overall earlier death
WHAT ARE SOME ASSESSMENT TOOLS YOU CAN USE TO SEE SOMEONES SOCIAL SUPPORTS
ecomap: sketches family relationships with persons and groups outside of the family
genogram: a sketch of the family structure and relavent information about the family structure
EXPLAIN SOCIAL SUPPORTS AND NURSING
- social support is a buffer against stress
- peer support may be an effective method for undergrad nursing students after clinical related critical incidents
- support was a safe space where students experiences a sense of belonging which normalized the incident and minimized isolation
EXPLAIN SPIRITUALITY AND HOW WE ASSESS IT, EXPLAIN THE COMPONENTS OF FICA
is a way of being in the world in which a person feels a sense of connectedness, a sense of meaning in life
is understood using FICA
F- faith and belief (religion)
I- importance
C- community
A- address in care
WHAT ARE SOME SPIRITUAL INTERVENTIONS
- facilitating spiritual practices
- spiritual care provider (when appropriate)
- develop trusting, caring, therapeutic relationship
- active listening, seeking clarification, being curious
EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF STRESS
PHYSIOLOGICAL: general adaptation syndrome (alarm reaction occurs when first exposed, resistance phase is trying to fight the stress, and exhaustion which is depression, anxiety, etc.)
PSYCHOLOGICAL: primary appraisal (is your interpretation of stress), secondary appraisal (coping mechanisms)
DISTRESS: damaging stress
EUSTRESS: good stress that protects health
TRAUMA: acute stress disorder (flashbacks, intense memories, disturbed sleep)
PTSD
WHAT ARE OBJECTIVE AND HEALTH PROMOTION STRATEGIES FOR HEALTHY BEHAVIOURS
objective: evidence of subjective data (like physical activity, nutrition, etc)
health promotion: teaching, advocating, addressing the root cause
WHICH HEALTH SERVICES ARE LIMITED BY PERSONAL INCOME
dental, eye care, perscription medications
WHAT ARE THE LEVELS OF HEALTHCARE
health promotion
disease and injury prevention
diagnostics and treatment
- primary: family doctor
- secondary: doctors in hospital
- tertiary: specialized plan for
intervention
rehabilitation
supportive care
FACTORS OF BIOLOGY AND GENETIC ENDOWMENT
- The basic biology and organic makeup of the human body are a fundemental social determinant of health. ex. men are more prone to heart disease, sickle cell is more prominent in africa.
subjective: asking if a disease runs in the family
objective: genetic testing
EXPLAIN GENDER
- gender influences peoples experience of an access to healthcare, for example trans people have more mental issues because of discrimination from society and healthcare
- gender diverse people are more likely to experience violence, coercion, stigma, and discrimination, including from healthcare workers.
WHAT ARE SOME FACTORS OF SELF CONCEPT
- identity: what makes someone unique and distinct
- body-image: perception of physical appearance
- role performance: parent, educator, spouse, can be temporary or permanent
- self-esteem: sense of self worth
WHAT ARE SOME ISSUES RELATED TO SELF-CONCEPT
-identity confusion
- altered body image
- low self esteem
- role performance
WHAT ARE SOME ASPECTS OF ROLE PERFORMACE
role conflict: assuming 2 or more roles that are inconsistent
role ambiguity: confusing expecations, employers, parents, peers, media
role strain: incompatible roles, behaviours, expectations
role overload: parent, employee personal time
WHAT ARE SOME OBJECTIVE AND INTERVENTIONS INVOLVING GENDER
objective: eye contact, posture, speech, facial expressions, appropriatness of responses (age)
interventions: developing trusting relationships, being aware of nonverbal and verbal communication (inclusive language), developing self-awareness and understanding od biases and assumptions, be aware of resources.
FACTORS OF CULTURE
- culture goes beyond ethnicity
- impacts how individuals and families, and communities define, value, manage health, interact with healthcare system, participate in prevention and health promotion programs, access to information.
WHAT IS CULTURAL COMPETENCE
explicit use of culturally based care and health knowledge in sensitive, creative, and meaningful ways to for the general life ways and needs to individuals or groups for beneficial and meaningful health and well being or to help them face illness, disabilities, or death.
WHAT IS CULTURAL HUMILITY
a lifelong learning experience, value or virtue, that shapes character traits across the lifespan. actions that demonstrate interpersonal respect and reflection on ones cultural assumptions and biases
EXPLAIN CULTURAL AWARENESS
understanding that there are differences between cultures, reflecting biases, being aware of how to be respectful of cultural norms
EXPLAIN CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
being aware that differences exist, but they are neither positive, negative, right or wrong. self-exploration of own experiences and realities and the impact on others.
WHAT IS CULTURAL SAFETY
the goal is cultural safety as defined by those receiving care
HOW IS CULTURAL ASSESSMENT DONE
communication
space
social organization
time
environmental control
biological differences
WHAT ARE SOME CULTURAL INTERVENTIONS
language support
culturally competent care
resources that encourage self-reflection
EXPLAIN RACE/RACISM
racism: an ideology that directly or indirectly asserts that one group is inheretly superior to others
racialization: occurs when the dominant group in a society constructs races as being different and unequal in ways that matter to economic, political, and social life.
racism and racialization limit access to health resources, creating fewer socioeconomic opprotunities, and fostering unhealthy coping mechanisms
EXPLAIN CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES
- adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are at greater risk to have health issues as adults
- children who experience disadvantaged conditions are more vulnerable to all areas of early development
toxic stress can impact brain development
objective: immunizations, milestones (language, fine and gross motor)
