Module 5-Slides Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of experimental design

A

~Provide evidence supporting a CAUSE-and-EFFECT relationship between INDEPENDENT and DEPENDENT variables
~Protect against threats to design validities

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2
Q

Pretest-Posttest Control Group Deisgn

A

~2 or more independent groups (treatments)
~1 IV
~1 or more DV
~Random assignment
~Known as parallel group study
~Scientific standard for investigating cause and effect relationship

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3
Q

Validity
P-P cont’d

A

~Design is strong in internal validity
–>randomization controls for potential bias
–>threat NOT controlled for include but not limited to attrition

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4
Q

Posttest-Only Control Group Design

A

~Similar to P-P control group design
~Except NO pretest is administered to either group
~Used when pretest is impractical or contraindicated

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5
Q

Validity
Posttest

A

~Internal validity is strong
~Assume groups are equivalent due to random assignment

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6
Q

Factorial Designs for Independent Groups
(2-way factorial design)

A

~Incorporates 2 or more IV (e/IV is a factor)
~Subjects randomly assigned to various combinations of the levels of the variables
~Larger samples are needed
~Described by # of levels within each factor

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7
Q

One-way Repeated Measures Design

A

~Also called within-subjects design
~Subjects used as their own control

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8
Q

Crossover Design

A

~Participants are RANDOMIZED to a Tx sequence
~Used to control for order effects
~Should only be used when pts’ condition is stable
~Considerations for “washout period” when the Tx has cumulative effects

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9
Q

2-way design w/ 2 repeated measures

A

~Used in studies w/ more than one IV
~Assuming participants were measured Pretest (baseline), Tx - immediate posttest, and 6-mo posttest

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10
Q

Between-groups, within-group Mixed design

A

~2 IV
–>1 (timing) repeated across all subjects (pretest and posttest)
–>the other randomized to independent groups (Tx)

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11
Q

Quasi-Experimental Designs

A

~Similar to experimental (or True Exp.) designs, EXCEPT lack either:
–>random assignment or
–>comparison group or both
~More likely than experimental designs to have threats to internal validity present

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12
Q

One-group Pretest-Posttest Design (Time series designs)

A

~All subjects receive the same Tx
~No comparison group, which limits internal and external validity
~IV is TIME rather than intervention

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13
Q

Repeated Measure Design (Time series designs)

A

~Multiple measures of the DV are taken
~All subjects receive the same Tx
~No comparison group, which limits internal and external validity
~IV is time

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14
Q

Nonequivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design

A

~Similar to Pretest-posttest control group design except NO random assignment
~Nonequivalent pretest-posttest design
–>intact groups
–>Subject preferences
~Threats to validity include interaction of assignment/selection with Hx and maturation

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15
Q

Intact groups

A

comparing patients having migraine with healthy control subjects

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16
Q

Subject preferences

A

self-select their own group