Module 5 Part 5 School Age

Question 1

how would you describe this age group?

Answer 1

they are sturdy, complicated individuals with an ability to communicate, conceptualize in a limited way, and become involved in complex social and motor behaviours

Question 2

what is very rapid during these years?

Answer 2

physical growth

Question 3

on average, how tall will they grow?

Answer 3

approx. 5cm per year to gain 30-60cm in height and almost double their weight (increasing 2-3kg per year)

Question 4

at what time do girls tend to pass boys in height and weight?

Answer 4

toward the end of school age years

Question 5

what happens with their proportional changes?

Answer 5

• fat gradually diminishes and distribution patterns change (giving a thinner appearance of child)
• by end of this age period, both boys and girls double their strength and physical capabilities, and relatively consistent development of coordination increases their poise and skill

Question 6

how are muscles for this age group?

Answer 6

muscles are still functionally immature but are more damaged by injury caused by overuse

Question 7

what indicates increasing “maturity” in children?

Answer 7

decrease in head circumference in relation to standing height and decrease in waist circumference and increase in leg length in relation to height

Question 8

do their brains grow fast or slow during this period and how about size?

Answer 8

very slow and increase little in size

Question 9

what is the middle childhood sometimes known as?

Answer 9

the age of the loose tooth

Question 10

how does this age work in relation to being fed and stomach capacity?

Answer 10

• Increased stomach capacity which permits retention of food for longer periods
• doesn’t need to be fed as frequently
• caloric needs are less than they were in the preschool years

Question 11

how is BP and resp rate at this age?

Answer 11

BP increases and resp. rate steadily decreases

Question 12

what is the period of preadolescence?

Answer 12

-preadolescence is the period of approx 2 years that begins at the end of the 13th bday

Question 13

what ages do puberty start for males and females?

Answer 13

12-18 years for girls and 14-20 in boys (normal anytime after 8 years though)

Question 14

what stage of erikson’s theory is represented in this age group?

Answer 14

Industry versus inferiority.

• children achieve a sense of industry when they have access to tasks that need to be done and when they are able to complete the tasks well despite individual differences in their innate capacities and emotional development
• they love to do well with tasks they do or else they may feel bad about themselves

Question 15

can this age begin to see things from another point of view?

Answer 15

yes. they also develop an understanding of the relationships between things and ideas

Question 16

define the term latchkey children

Answer 16

• this term is used to define children who are left to care for themselves before or after school without the supervision of an adult
• this leaves children at greater risk for injury and delinquent behaviour
• they may feel more lonely, isolated, fearful than children who have someone to care for them

Question 17

describe the sleep and rest needs

Answer 17

• the amount of sleep depends on the child’s age, activity level, and state of health
• growth rate slows in these years and less energy is expended in growth than during preceding years
• they require approx. 10-12 hours each night

Question 18

what is a very huge development in this age group?

Answer 18

cognitive growth and development is huge

Question 19

what are the vitals for a school aged child?

Answer 19

• Heart rate 70-80
• Respiratory Rate 15-20
• Temperature 37.7
• Blood Pressure 112/60 (+/-10)
• Oxygen Saturation 95-100
• Weight varies

Question 20

describe physical and motor development for this age

Answer 20

increase in dexterity, constant activity, more cautious approach to new things, repeats performance to master them, and continue to mature to puberty

Question 21

describe mental development for this age

Answer 21

6years: concept of numbers (counting), time, day, use of objects (fork, chair); obeys several commands
7years: concept of time clock, reading more
8years: similarities and differences, count backwards, descriptions in details now, reads more books

Question 22

describe adaptive developmental changes

Answer 22

6years: uses knife to spread things, bath without supervision
7years: spelling games, likes to help, have choices, brushes hair on own
8years: buys useful things, likes school, afraid of failing, more critical of self
10-12years: repair work, more able to do things and complex chores, washes own hair, home alone, can look after own needs or others in their care

Question 23

describe personal-social developmental changes

Answer 23

6 years: can share and cooperate better, play with kids of own age, will cheat to win, maybe jealousy of younger siblings
7 years: active in family group, play with same sex usually, , spends time alone
8/9years: gets along with others better at home, likes rewards, dramatizes, more sociable
10-12years: loves friends, chooses “best friend”, enjoys talking, begins interest in opposite sex

Question 24

when ages are the two biggest growth spurts?

Answer 24

infancy and school age

Question 25

what stage of piaget’s theory of cognitive development does the school age child fit into?

Answer 25

concrete operations: they achieve the ability to perform mental operations (can count and understand what each number represents)

Question 26

what stage of kohlbergs moral developmental theory does the school age child fit into?

Answer 26

conventional development “good boy nice girl” orientation (wants to please others and win approval by being “nice”) and society maintaining orientation (correct behaviour, showing authority-drugs at a party)

Question 27

what is enuresis? primary and secondary?

Answer 27

bedwetting. primary: never been dry, secondary: were dry but now wetting

Question 28

what is one lesson that children learn in relation to friends and social groups?

Answer 28

children of this age have an increase in sensitivity to the social norms and pressures of the peer group. The peer group establishes standards for acceptance and rejection, and children are often willing to modify behaviour to be accepted by group

Question 29

what is direct bullying and which sex typically displays this type?

Answer 29

boys typically do this and its where they use physical force

Question 30

what is indirect bullying and which sex typically displays this type?

Answer 30

girls typically do this and its where they exclude, gossip or spread rumours

Question 31

which values, family or peers take importance over a child?

Answer 31

family values usually. Children also need and want restrictions placed on their behaviours, and are not prepared to abandon all parental control

Question 32

for dishonest behaviour, what is most common?

Answer 32

cheating is most common in this age. They find it difficult to lose a game or contest so they may cheat to win

Question 33

what is the leading cause of death for children 14 years and under?

Answer 33

pedestrian accidents

Question 34

what is tall and short stature? Any explanation?

Answer 34

abnormally tall or short for their age group. for short stature, typically inadequate nutrition is the reason