Module 5 Part 5 School Age Flashcards
how would you describe this age group?
they are sturdy, complicated individuals with an ability to communicate, conceptualize in a limited way, and become involved in complex social and motor behaviours
what is very rapid during these years?
physical growth
on average, how tall will they grow?
approx. 5cm per year to gain 30-60cm in height and almost double their weight (increasing 2-3kg per year)
at what time do girls tend to pass boys in height and weight?
toward the end of school age years
what happens with their proportional changes?
- fat gradually diminishes and distribution patterns change (giving a thinner appearance of child)
- by end of this age period, both boys and girls double their strength and physical capabilities, and relatively consistent development of coordination increases their poise and skill
how are muscles for this age group?
muscles are still functionally immature but are more damaged by injury caused by overuse
what indicates increasing “maturity” in children?
decrease in head circumference in relation to standing height and decrease in waist circumference and increase in leg length in relation to height
do their brains grow fast or slow during this period and how about size?
very slow and increase little in size
what is the middle childhood sometimes known as?
the age of the loose tooth
how does this age work in relation to being fed and stomach capacity?
- Increased stomach capacity which permits retention of food for longer periods
- doesn’t need to be fed as frequently
- caloric needs are less than they were in the preschool years
how is BP and resp rate at this age?
BP increases and resp. rate steadily decreases
what is the period of preadolescence?
-preadolescence is the period of approx 2 years that begins at the end of the 13th bday
what ages do puberty start for males and females?
12-18 years for girls and 14-20 in boys (normal anytime after 8 years though)
what stage of erikson’s theory is represented in this age group?
Industry versus inferiority.
- children achieve a sense of industry when they have access to tasks that need to be done and when they are able to complete the tasks well despite individual differences in their innate capacities and emotional development
- they love to do well with tasks they do or else they may feel bad about themselves
can this age begin to see things from another point of view?
yes. they also develop an understanding of the relationships between things and ideas
define the term latchkey children
- this term is used to define children who are left to care for themselves before or after school without the supervision of an adult
- this leaves children at greater risk for injury and delinquent behaviour
- they may feel more lonely, isolated, fearful than children who have someone to care for them
describe the sleep and rest needs
- the amount of sleep depends on the child’s age, activity level, and state of health
- growth rate slows in these years and less energy is expended in growth than during preceding years
- they require approx. 10-12 hours each night
what is a very huge development in this age group?
cognitive growth and development is huge
what are the vitals for a school aged child?
- Heart rate 70-80
- Respiratory Rate 15-20
- Temperature 37.7
- Blood Pressure 112/60 (+/-10)
- Oxygen Saturation 95-100
- Weight varies
describe physical and motor development for this age
increase in dexterity, constant activity, more cautious approach to new things, repeats performance to master them, and continue to mature to puberty
describe mental development for this age
6years: concept of numbers (counting), time, day, use of objects (fork, chair); obeys several commands
7years: concept of time clock, reading more
8years: similarities and differences, count backwards, descriptions in details now, reads more books
describe adaptive developmental changes
6years: uses knife to spread things, bath without supervision
7years: spelling games, likes to help, have choices, brushes hair on own
8years: buys useful things, likes school, afraid of failing, more critical of self
10-12years: repair work, more able to do things and complex chores, washes own hair, home alone, can look after own needs or others in their care
describe personal-social developmental changes
6 years: can share and cooperate better, play with kids of own age, will cheat to win, maybe jealousy of younger siblings
7 years: active in family group, play with same sex usually, , spends time alone
8/9years: gets along with others better at home, likes rewards, dramatizes, more sociable
10-12years: loves friends, chooses “best friend”, enjoys talking, begins interest in opposite sex
when ages are the two biggest growth spurts?
infancy and school age
what stage of piaget’s theory of cognitive development does the school age child fit into?
concrete operations: they achieve the ability to perform mental operations (can count and understand what each number represents)
what stage of kohlbergs moral developmental theory does the school age child fit into?
conventional development “good boy nice girl” orientation (wants to please others and win approval by being “nice”) and society maintaining orientation (correct behaviour, showing authority-drugs at a party)
what is enuresis? primary and secondary?
bedwetting. primary: never been dry, secondary: were dry but now wetting
what is one lesson that children learn in relation to friends and social groups?
children of this age have an increase in sensitivity to the social norms and pressures of the peer group. The peer group establishes standards for acceptance and rejection, and children are often willing to modify behaviour to be accepted by group
what is direct bullying and which sex typically displays this type?
boys typically do this and its where they use physical force
what is indirect bullying and which sex typically displays this type?
girls typically do this and its where they exclude, gossip or spread rumours
which values, family or peers take importance over a child?
family values usually. Children also need and want restrictions placed on their behaviours, and are not prepared to abandon all parental control
for dishonest behaviour, what is most common?
cheating is most common in this age. They find it difficult to lose a game or contest so they may cheat to win
what is the leading cause of death for children 14 years and under?
pedestrian accidents
what is tall and short stature? Any explanation?
abnormally tall or short for their age group. for short stature, typically inadequate nutrition is the reason
