🐠 • Module 5 : Ocean & Fisheries Flashcards
What are the main resources provided by oceans?
Food, chemicals, building materials, wave/tidal energy, tourism, transport, and drinking water.
What chemicals are extracted from oceans?
Salt, minerals, and medicines.
What building materials come from the ocean?
Sand and gravel for construction.
How do oceans contribute to energy production?
Through wave and tidal energy.
Why are oceans important for tourism?
Beaches, coral reefs, and marine life attract tourists.
How do oceans support transport?
Ships and cargo vessels move goods and people globally.
What are ocean currents?
Large-scale movements of water in the oceans.
How do ocean currents affect marine fish populations?
Cold currents bring nutrient-rich water, supporting large fish populations.
Where are major fish populations found?
Near cold currents and shallow continental shelves where nutrients are abundant.
What is the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)?
A climate pattern where warm water shifts across the Pacific Ocean, disrupting weather and fisheries.
How does El Niño affect fisheries in South America?
Warmer water reduces nutrients, causing fish populations to decline.
What are continental shelves?
Shallow underwater extensions of continents, rich in marine life.
What is overfishing?
Catching fish faster than they can reproduce, leading to population decline.
What is bycatch?
Unwanted marine species caught in fishing nets.
How does fish farming help reduce overfishing?
It provides an alternative fish source, reducing pressure on wild populations.
How does net type and mesh size help conserve fish?
Larger mesh allows smaller fish to escape, ensuring future populations.
What is pole-and-line fishing?
A selective fishing method that reduces bycatch.
Why are quotas used in fisheries management?
To limit the number of fish caught and prevent overfishing.
How do closed seasons help fish populations?
They allow fish to breed and recover.
What are marine protected areas (MPAs)?
Zones where fishing is restricted or banned to protect marine life.
Why are international agreements important for fisheries?
Fish migrate across borders, so global cooperation is needed to prevent overfishing.
