Module 5 - Lipids

Question 1

root origin of ‘lipid’

Answer 1

lipos - greek for fat/lard

Question 2

how can you extract a lipid?

Answer 2

use a non polar solvent - ether or chloroform

Question 3

what are 2 things lipids important in the body for?

Answer 3

cell membranes and steroid hormones

Question 4

are lipids soluble in water?

Answer 4

nope, they are NON polar and water is polar

Question 5

what are lipids soluble in?

Answer 5

other organic solvents

Question 6

what are the 2 main types of lipids

Answer 6

fatty acids and steroids

Question 7

what are the 4 subtypes of fatty acid lipids?

Answer 7

waxes
triacylglycerols
glyerophospholipids
sphingomyelins

Question 8

how are the 4 subtypes of fatty acid lipids broken down?

Answer 8

through hydrolysis to give fatty acids and other substances

Question 9

what is glycerol?

Answer 9

an alcohol

Question 10

what is sphingosine?

Answer 10

an amino alcohol

Question 11

can steroids be hydrolyzed?

Answer 11

nope they dont have fatty acids either

Question 12

what is the characterizing factor of steroids?

Answer 12

the steroid nucleus - 4 fused carbon rings

Question 13

what is the steroid nucleus?

Answer 13

4 fused carbon rings on a steroid

Question 14

what is a fatty acid?

Answer 14

a long unbranched carbon chain with a carboxylic avid at 1 end

Question 15

is COOH hydrophilic or hydrophobic

Answer 15

hydrophillic

Question 16

are fatty acid chains soluble?

Answer 16

nope even tho they have COOH the c chain fucks it up

Question 17

do fatty acids have naturally even or odd number of C chains?

Answer 17

even #s

Question 18

what is the C range for fatty acids?

Answer 18

12 -20 carbons in a chain

Question 19

what is the shorthand for fatty acids?

Answer 19

of carbon : # of double bonds

Question 20

what are saturated fatty acids?

Answer 20

fatty acid chain w only single bonds

Question 21

what is the short form for saturated fatty acids?

Answer 21

SFA

Question 22

what HC are SFA similar to?

Answer 22

alkanes

Question 23

what are unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 23

1 or more double bonds fatty acid chain

Question 24

what are the 2 kinds of UFA?

Answer 24

1) monounsaturated fatty acid

2) polyunsaturated fatty acid

Question 25

what is the short form for unsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 25

UFA

Question 26

what is a monosaturated fatty acid?

Answer 26

1 double bond

Question 27

what HC is a MUFA similar to?

Answer 27

alkenes

Question 28

what is short form for monounsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 28

MUFA

Question 29

what is short form for polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 29

PUFA

Question 30

what is a polyunsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 30

at least 2 or 2+ double bonds

Question 31

____ of fatty acids are saturated

Answer 31

50%

Question 32

_____ have cis/trans isomers

Answer 32

unsaturated fatty acids

Question 33

most natural UFA have ___ double bonds

Answer 33

1+ double bonds

Question 34

which UFA isomer has a ‘kink’ bond?

Answer 34

the CIS isomer creates a kink in the chain

Question 35

some _____ cant be synthesized in the body

Answer 35

polyunsaturated fatty acids

Question 36

what are the 3 FA that can’t be synthesized in the body?

Answer 36

linoleic acid
linolenic acid
arachidonic acid

Question 37

what are the essential fatty acids (EFA)

Answer 37

the PUFA that cant be synthesized in the body

Question 38

who is succeptible to EFA deficiency?

Answer 38

infants

Question 39

saturated FA fit ____

Answer 39

fit closely together

Question 40

unsaturated FA fit _____

Answer 40

irregularly (badly)

Question 41

saturated or unsaturated are easier to break bonds?

Answer 41

unsaturated ; because they cant stack so dispersion forces are weaker

Question 42

what are dispersion forces between chains?

Answer 42

the weak links bt bonds that become strong when many chains stack on each other