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CHEM II > Module 1: Hydrocarbons > Flashcards

Module 1: Hydrocarbons Flashcards

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1
Q

organic

A

carbon & its compounds

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2
Q

what elements can be included in organic compounds?

A

oxygen, hydrogen, sulpher, nitrogren

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3
Q

the building blocks of life

A

carbon

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4
Q

hydrocarbons

A

hydrogens and carbons

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5
Q

saturated

A

full of hydrogens

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6
Q

what bonds do saturated molecules have?

A

only single bonds

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7
Q

alkane

A

a fully saturated single bond hydrocarbon

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8
Q

simplest alkane

A

methane (CH4)

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9
Q

Isomer

A

same formula, different structure

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10
Q

isomers have (same/different) properties as original molecule?

A

different properties

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11
Q

the more ______ an alkane is the more _______ packed it is

A

complex; densely

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12
Q

prefix: 1 C atom

A

meth

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13
Q

prefix: 2 C atoms

A

eth

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14
Q

prefix: 3 C atoms

A

prop

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15
Q

prefix: 4 C atoms

A

but

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16
Q

prefix: 5 C atoms

A

pent

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17
Q

prefix: 6 C atoms

A

hex

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18
Q

prefix: 7 C atoms

A

hept

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19
Q

prefix: 8 C atoms

A

oct

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20
Q

prefix: 9 C atoms

A

non

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21
Q

prefix: 10 C atoms

A

dec

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22
Q

alkanes are named after the _____ structure in the molecule

A

longest

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23
Q

what is the suffix ‘yl’ for?

A

a C attachment (sub) to the main chain

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24
Q

how should numbering carbons be ordered?

A

so the sub groups are lower #s

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25
Q

what are the 3 main reactions of alkanes?

A

1) combustion - 02 + heat
2) halogenation - replace h with halogen
3) dehydrogenation - bye h2o

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26
Q

what is combustion?

A

reaction with oxygen and heat

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27
Q

what is halogenation?

A

a reaction that replaces hydrogens with halogens

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28
Q

what is dehydrogenation?

A

a reaction that removes h2o

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29
Q

which reaction forces alkanes into a double bond?

A

dehydrogenation (removes h atoms to force double bond)

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30
Q

how many bonds can hydrogen form?

A

one

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31
Q

how many bonds can carbon form?

A

4

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32
Q

the origin of the word ‘organic’

A

thought organic compounds came from living organisms

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33
Q

organic compounds have (low/high) melting points

A

low

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34
Q

organic compounds have (low/high) boiling points

A

low

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35
Q

organic compounds are (less/more) dense than h2o

A

less dense

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36
Q

what molecules are easily combustible?

A

organic compounds

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37
Q

what is a space filling model?

A

3D spheres

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38
Q

what is ball and stick model?

A

balls and sticks in 3d

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39
Q

what is wedge dash model

A 
wedge= toward you in 3d
dash= away from you in 3d
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40
Q

what is expanded structural formula?

A

all atoms and bonds are shown in 2d
h
h-c -h
h

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41
Q

what is condensed structural formula

A

shows C atoms grouped with # of H on each atom in 2d

CH4

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42
Q

___% of chemical compounds are organic

A

90%

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43
Q

what is the reason for organic compounds having long stable chains?

A

covalent bonds between C atoms are strong

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44
Q

what is a common use for alkanes?

A

fuels (gas and liquid)

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45
Q

what does IUPAC stand for?

A

international union of pure and applied chemistry

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46
Q

what is line angle formula?

A

zig zag lines that represent C at each line point

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47
Q

what are cycloalkanes?

A

hydrocarbons w ring structures

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48
Q

how many fewer H do cycloalkanes have than straight chain alkanes?

A

2 fewer H atoms

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49
Q

how are cycloalkanes named?

A

prefix: cyclo before alkane name

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50
Q

what is a substituent (sub)?

A

a side group that branches off from the main carbon chain

51
Q

what is an alkane with at least one branch called?

A

a branched alkane

52
Q

what is a structural isomer?

A

when molecule has SAME formula but DIFFERENT arrangement

53
Q

what is an alkyl group?

A

a carbon branch (sub)

54
Q

can alkyl groups exist alone?

A

nope

55
Q

how are halogen subs named?

A

specific to the halogen element

56
Q

how do you name a fluoride sub?

A

fluoro

57
Q

how do you name a chlorine sub?

A

chloro

58
Q

how do you name a bromine sub?

A

bromo

59
Q

how do i name an iodine sub?

A

iodo

60
Q

do subs go before or after the alkane name?

A

they go before

61
Q

how are subs and alkane names arranged in order?

A

alphabetical (excluding prefixes) ex. di, tri

62
Q

when to add a prefix to a sub?

A

when there are 2 or more

ex. 2 methyl = dimethyl

63
Q

what does homologus mean?

A

the same general formula

64
Q

what are the 2 useful aspects of alkanes?

A

their solubility and density

65
Q

alkanes c 1-4 are ____ at room temperature

A

gas

66
Q

alkanes c 5-8 are ____ at room temperature

A

liquid

67
Q

alkanes c 9-17 are ____ at room temperature

A

liquid (with higher boil pt)

68
Q

alkanes c 18+ are ____ at room temperature

A

solids

69
Q

what are solid rm temperature alkanes called?

A

paraffins

70
Q

are alkanes polar or non polar?

A

non polar

71
Q

what aspect of alkanes makes it insoluble in water?

A

the non polar aspect= not soluble in water

72
Q

are alkanes soluble in anything?

A

yes in other non polar solvents (other alkanes)

73
Q

are alkanes less or more dense than water?

A

less dense (will float)

74
Q

c-c bonds are easy/hard to break?

A

hard

75
Q

combustion formula of alkanes:

A

alkane + o2 –> co2 + h2o + energy

76
Q

what order to balance a chemical formula?

A

1) balance C
2) Balance H
3) balance 0

77
Q

what shape is a carbon bond?

A

tetrahedral shape

78
Q

what are conformations?

A

different arrangements of molecule in space (rotated)

79
Q

which two alk- molecules are part of the same family?

A

alkenes and alkynes (double or triple bond)

80
Q

alkenes have what type of bond?

A

double bonds

81
Q

alkynes have what type of bond

A

triple bonds

82
Q

what molecules are unsaturated?

A

alkenes and alkynes

83
Q

what does unsaturated mean?

A

not ‘full’ of h atoms because of double/triple bonds

84
Q

common name for ethene

A

ethylene (gas to ripen fruit)

85
Q

common name for ethyne

A

acetylene (for welding)

86
Q

how many pairs do double bonds share?

A

2 pairs

87
Q

how many pairs do triple bonds share?

A

3 pairs

88
Q

alkene subs with ____ c do not need to be numbered

A

2-3 C chain

89
Q

what is a cycloalkene

A

a double bond chain in ring form

90
Q

when to number a cycloalkene

A

when it has subs; the double bond is numbered #1 and 2

91
Q

are double bonds flexible or rigid?

A

rigid; cant move

92
Q

can molecules rotate around a double bond?

A

no because its stiff

93
Q

what are geometric isomers also called?

A

cis-trans isomers

94
Q

what is a cis molecule?

A

where the molecules on either end of the double bond are on the SAME side

95
Q

what is a trans molecule?

A

where the molecules on either end of the double bond are on OPPOSITE sides

96
Q

if the double bond has 2 different atoms on either end, it has:

A

cis-trans potential

97
Q

if the double bond has identical atoms on the SAME c atom it has:

A

no cis - trans potential

98
Q

what are pi bonds?

A

relatively weak bonds around a double or triple bond

99
Q

what is an addition reaction?

A

add H atoms to dissolve the double bond

100
Q

what is hydrogenation?

A

at H2 to make a double bond become a single bond

101
Q

what are the 3 types of addition rxns?

A

1) hydrogenation
2) oxygenation
3) hydration

102
Q

what is a triglyceride?

A

3 fatty acids + a glycerol molecule

103
Q

is a tryglyceride saturated or unsaturated?

A

it is saturated, only single bonds

104
Q

how to make tryglycerides have longer shelf life?

A

hydrogenated oils

105
Q

what are omega threes?

A

a carbon chain with a double bond on the 3rd c (3= omega)

106
Q

what are trans fats?

A

unsaturated fats with double bonds

107
Q

can the body break down trans fats?

A

no because there are double bonds

108
Q

when you hydrogenize an alkene it turns into a:

A

alkane (no double bonds)

109
Q

when you hydrate an alkene it turns into a:

A

alcohol (OH - hydroxyl group)

110
Q

how does hydration occur on an alkene?

A

the H2O splits into H and OH: H attaches to the C with most H atoms, OH attaches to other side of double bond

111
Q

what side of the double bond does H bond to in a hydration rxn?

A

the C that has the most H atoms attached already

112
Q

what side of the double bond does H bond to in a hydration rxn?

A

the C that is opposite to the side that has most H atoms

113
Q

who isolated benzene?

A

michael faraday

114
Q

what molecules are considered ‘aromatic’?

A

benzene family

115
Q

anise benzene:

A

anisole

116
Q

tarragon benzene:

A

estragole

117
Q

thyme benzene

A

thymol

118
Q

how are the double bonds shared across a benzene ring?

A

equally from all 6 carbons because of the structure

119
Q

what is the common name for a benzene with a methyl group?

A

toluene

120
Q

what is the common name for a benzene with an amino (N) group called?

A

aniline

121
Q

what is the common name for a benzene with a hydroxyl group (OH) called?

A

phenol

122
Q

how many subs does a benzene rings need to be numbered?

A

needs 2 or more

123
Q

how to number a benzene ring that is toluene, aniline, or phenol?

A

name the original sub (toluene, aniline, or phenol) as C#1, then move on to other subs

124
Q

what compounds are typically flammable?

A

organic compounds

CHEM II (4 decks)

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