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CHEM II > Module 2: Alcohols, Thiols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones > Flashcards

Module 2: Alcohols, Thiols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones Flashcards

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1
Q

what functional group do alcohols include?

A

OH - hydroxyl group

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2
Q

what does OH replace to become an alcohol

A

replaces an H atom

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3
Q

fermentation creates:

A

ethanol, an alcohol

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4
Q

what is an alcohol?

A

a hydrocarbon with an OH (hydroxyl group)

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5
Q

what is a phenol?

A

a benzene ring with an OH (hydroxyl group) added

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6
Q

what is a thiol?

A

a hydrocarbon with a sulfur atom (SH)

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7
Q

what does thiol replace with sulfur atoms?

A

hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon

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8
Q

what is an ether?

A

an oxygen molecule sandwiched between 2 molecules

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9
Q

what is the functional group of an ether?

A

-O- (oxygen atom)

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10
Q

what is the functional group of a thiol?

A

a thiol group (-SH)

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11
Q

How to name an alcohol?

A

add (ol) at the end of a word

methane–> methanol

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12
Q

how many carbons needed to number carbon subs for alcohol?

A

3 or more, number starts on the OH group

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13
Q

what are cyclic alcohols called?

A

cycloalkenol

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14
Q

what is methanol’s common name?

A

methyl alcohol

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15
Q

what is the use of methyl alcohol(methanol)?

A

solvents, paint remover, dangerous if ingested

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16
Q

what is ethanol’s common name

A

ethyl alcohol

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17
Q

what are common uses of ethanol?

A

drinking alcohol, perfume, gas

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18
Q

1-2 ethanedrol common name??

A

ethylene glycol

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19
Q

what is antifreeze?

A

ethylene glycol (1-2 ethanedrol)

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20
Q

1-2-3- propanetriol common name

A

glycerol/glycerin

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21
Q

uses of glycerol?

A

used in cosmetics, softens skin

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22
Q

bisphenol A common name

A

BPA

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23
Q

what is BPA?

A

a type of plastic thats bad

24
Q

how to name thiols?

A

add thiol to end of longest c chain

25
Q

methanethiol purpose

A

strong bad smell added to methane gas so we can smell it

26
Q

how are ethers named?

A

only has a common name: the 2 groups in alphabetical order, then ether at the end

27
Q

how many classes of alcohols are there?

A

3 classes: primary, secondary, tertiary

28
Q

what is a primary alc?

A

1 alkyl attached to the carbon with OH on it

29
Q

what is secondary alc?

A

2 alkyl groups attached to the carbon w OH on it

30
Q

what is tertiary alc?

A

3 alkyl groups attached to the carbon w OH on it

31
Q

are alcohols water soluble?

A

YES because the OH bonds with H and O from water

32
Q

what does miscible mean/

A

any amount of the solution is soluble in water

33
Q

the polarity of OH _____ as carbon chain ______

A

decreases; increases

34
Q

what length of carbon chain are alcohols soluble?

A

4 carbons = slightly soluble

35
Q

what length of carbon chain are alcohols no longer soluble?

A

5+ carbon chain= not soluble

36
Q

is phenol soluble?

A

slightly soluble because of OH

37
Q

phenol is commonly used as a?

A

antiseptic/disinfectant BUT corrosive :(

38
Q

what does hand sanitizer contain?

A

glycerin and ethanol

39
Q

what two molecules both have a carbonyl group (C=O)

A

aldehydes and ketones

40
Q

are aldehydes polar or non polar?

A

polar because the O atom has a -ve charge (2 lone pair e-) and the C has a +ve charge

41
Q

are ketones polar or non polar?

A

polar because the O atom has a -ve charge (2 lone pair e-) and the C has a +ve charge

42
Q

what is a carbonyl group?

A

C=O

43
Q

how does an aldehyde bond a carbonyl group?

A

bonds with 1 C at the end of the chain and an H

44
Q

how does a ketone bond a carbonyl group?

A

bonds with 2 alkyl groups in the middle

45
Q

how to name aldehyde?

A

end it with ‘al’

46
Q

do aldehydes need numbers?

A

no because always at the end of the chain

47
Q

what aldehydes use common names?

A

1 - 4 C chains use common names

48
Q

what is common name for methanal

A

formaldehyde

49
Q

what is common name for ethanal

A

acetaldehyde

50
Q

what is common name for propanal

A

propionaldehyde

51
Q

what is common name for butanal

A

butyraldehyde

52
Q

what does ‘form’ rep?

A

1 in common term

53
Q

what does ‘acet’ rep?

A

2 in common term

54
Q

what does ‘propion’ rep?

A

3 in common term

55
Q

what does ‘butyr’ rep?

A

4 in common term

56
Q

if a benzene is added to an aldehyde how do you name it?

A

benzaldehyde

CHEM II (4 decks)

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