Module 5 Lesson 9 Grammar Practice Flashcards
Practice grammar for Lesson 9 Module 5
What is the rule to identify an いちだん (or る) verb?
If the vowel sound preceding the る ending is an /i/ or /e/ vowel sound
Do ALL verbs with the vowel sound preceding the る ending is an /i/ or /e/ vowel sound immediately qualify as いちだん (or る) verbs?
No, there are exceptions, but they are in most cases
What are the steps to change from polite to plain form of いちだん verbs?
First, drop the ます ending to be left with the stem of the verb.
Then, add る to get the plain form.
What are the steps to change from plain form affirmative to negative form of いちだん verbs?
First, drop the る ending to be left with the stem of the verb.
Then, add the ない negative suffix to get the negative plain form.
What is the affirmative plain form and negative plain form of おきます?
おきる and おきない
What is the affirmative plain form and negative plain form of つけます?
つける and つけない
What is the affirmative plain form and negative plain form of でかけます?
でかける and でかけない
What is the rule to identify an ごだん (う) verbs?
All verbs that end with sounds other than る are ごだん verbs
True or False: All verbs that end in る are いちだん verbs
False. Some verbs that end in る are ごだん verbs
What is the rule to know if a verb ending in る is a ごだん (or う) verb?
If the vowel sound preceding the る ending is an あ, う or お vowel sound, it will always be a ごだん (or う) verb.
What are the steps to change from polite to plain form of ごだん verbs?
First, drop the ます ending to be left with the stem of the verb.
Then, change the い vowel sound at the end of the stem to the う vowel sound.
What are the steps to change from plain form affirmative to negative form of ごだん verbs?
First, change the う vowel sound at the end of the plain form to the あ vowel sound. For verbs whose last letter is う, the sound becomes わ, and for verbs whose last letter is つ, the sound becomes た.
Then, add the ない negative suffix to get the negative plain form
Conjugate いきます to affirmative plain form and negative plain form
いく and いかない
Conjugate わかります to affirmative plain form and negative plain form
わかる and わからない
Conjugate のみます to affirmative plain form and negative plain form
のむ and のまない
Conjugate まちます to affirmative plain form and negative plain form
まつ and またない
Conjugate いいます to affirmative plain form and negative plain form
いう and いわない
What are the irregular verbs in Japanese?
します and きます
What is the affirmative plain form for します?
する
What is the affirmative plain form for きます?
くる
What is the negative plain form for します?
しない
What is the negative plain form for きます?
こない
Where honorific titles added to?
The end of a name, as they are suffixes
What are the informal Japanese honorifics?
ちゃん and くん
What is ちゃん used for?
Primarily used for children, female family members, close friends, and lovers.
You would not use this for anyone of higher status than you.
The person should be much younger than you or you should be very familiar with them.
What is くん used for?
Primarily used for other males, usually by someone of a higher status to someone younger or of a lower status.
This is also used to talk about males of equal status.
You would not use this for anyone of a higher status or older than you.
What are the formal Japanese honorifics?
さん and さま
What is さん used for?
This is the most common honorific that can be used for females or males.
It is used for acquaintances, peers and in public settings.
When in doubt, you should use this honorific.
This can even be attached to some occupations.
What is さま used for?
This is the most formal honorific that can be used for females or males.
It is used for customers or royalty.
You can also use it to flatter people or be sarcastic.
Most likely, you will not encounter a situation where you need to use it in an oral conversation, but it is always used in written correspondence when addressing an envelope.
What’s the difference between using the particle けど and が?
けど is more informal than が and the clauses containing けど can be in the plain form as well
How would you say “There is a competition today, but I will not go” using けど?
きょうはたいかいがあるけど、いかない
How would you say “I am going to make mochi, but I do not have red bean paste” using けど?
もちをつくりますけど、あんこがありません
How would you say “I have a DVD, but I do not have a (DVD) player.” using けど?
DVDがあるけど、プレーヤーがない
What are the steps to conjugate a いちだん (る) verb to て form?
Start with the verb in plain form
Drop the る ending
Then, add て
What is the て form of たべる, でかける, みる, つける, and いれる?
たべて, でかけて, みて, つけて, いれて
What are the uses of the て form of a verb?
To describe two activities or events, and to make casual requests
What is the difference between using the て form and と for describing a sequence of events?
The て form does the work of と (“and”) with verbs as と only connects nouns
How would you say “I will eat dinner and go to sleep”?
ばんごはんをたべて、ねます
How would you say “Today I got up at seven o’clock and went to school”?
きょうはしちじにおきて、がっこうにいきました
How would you say “Let’s put this into the DVD player and watch it”?
これをプレーヤーにいれて、みましょう
How would you say “Insert the DVD into the (DVD) player”?
DVDをプレーヤーにいれて
How would you say “Put roasted soybean flour onto this sticky rice cake”?
このもちにきなこをつけて
How would you say “Take a shower”?
シャワーをあびて
