Module 5 Lecture Notes

Question 1

What is the Perichondrium

Answer 1

Dense irregular connective tissue
 “Girdle” for cartilage compression
 Has blood vessels for delivery of nutrients

Question 2

What arethe three types of cartilage

Answer 2

 Hyaline
 Elastic
 Fibrocartilage

Question 3

What is the most abundant skeletal cartilage

Answer 3

Hyaline

Question 4

Where is hyaline cartilage found

Answer 4

Articular, costal, respiratory, and nasal joints

Question 5

What type of cartilage is the epiglottis?

Answer 5

Elastic

Question 6

How many bones are in the adult body

Answer 6

206

Question 7

the axial skeleton includes what?

Answer 7

skull, vertebral column, ribcage

Question 8

Bones are classified according to what

Answer 8

shape (long, short, flat, irregular)

Question 9

What is the diaphysis

Answer 9

The shaft of a long bone

Question 10

What is the Epiphysis

Answer 10

the end, often spongey in nature

Question 11

what does periosteum mean

Answer 11

within bone

Question 12

What are osteoblasts

Answer 12

bone makers

Question 13

what are osteoclasts

Answer 13

bone breakers

Question 14

Structure of short, flat, and irregular bones

Answer 14

Outer layers of thin periosteum-covered
compact bone and endosteum-covered
spongy bone within

Question 15

What is the spongey bone in flat bones called

Answer 15

Diploe

Question 16

Where is hematopoetic tissue found

Answer 16

Found in the diploë of flat bones
(sternum), irregular bones (hip
bone) and the head of the femur
and humerus

Question 17

What are the four main cell types that make up bone

Answer 17

osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

Question 18

Lamella are

Answer 18

Column-like tubes - Weight bearing

Question 19

Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals are

Answer 19

Connect blood vessels and nerves of periosteum and central
canals
 At right angles to central canals

Question 20

Lacunae are

Answer 20

small cavities that contain osteocytes (mature bone cells)

Question 21

Canaliculi are

Answer 21

hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal

Question 22

What type of materials are bones comprised of?

Answer 22

organic and inorganic

Question 23

What does the inorganic part of the bone give it?

Answer 23

The organic part gives bones flexibility and tensile
strength and makes about 1/3 volume

Question 24

What composes 2/3 of bone volume?

Answer 24

Hydroxyapatites

Question 25

Intramembranous ossification forms which bones

Answer 25

flat bones of the skull and clavicle

Question 26

Endochondral ossification requires what

Answer 26

breakdown of hyaline cartilage prior to
ossification