Module 5: Hemolytic anemias

Question 1

Hemolytic disease

Answer 1

condition of increased hemolysis

May or may not be an anemia depending on BM’s ability to compensate

Question 2

Compensated hemolytic anemia

Answer 2

occurs if marrow hyperplasia cannot totally offset the hemolysis
Establishes equilibrium between destruction and production of RBC at an anemic level

Question 3

Decompensated hemolytic anemia

Answer 3

in cases of severe hemolysis
Marrow hyperplasia is @ max but will decrease over time
Hb will also decrease over time

Question 4

2 subdivisions of hemolytic anemias

Answer 4

Intracorpuscular defects (intrinsic) and extracorpuscular defects (extrinsic)

Question 5

Intracorpuscular defects: Hereditary defects

Answer 5

Hereditary spherocytosis
Hereditary elliptocytosis
Hereditary acanthocytosis
Hereditary stomatocytosis

G6PD
Pyruvate Kinase deficiency

Hemoglobinopathies: Sickle cell disease
Thalassemias: alpha and beta

Question 6

Intracorpuscular defects: Acquired defects

Answer 6

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Question 7

Extracorpuscular defects: due to

Answer 7

Immune hemolytic anemias 
-alloantibodies
-autoantibodies
-complement activation
Mechanical and chemical trauma:
-Fragmentation sydnromes
-Exposure to chemicals and toxins
-Exposure to physical agents
Infections and Parasites

Question 8

General lab findings in hemolytic anemias

Answer 8

Decreased: Hb, Hct, RBC
Increased: Retic
PBS: Polychromasia, poikilocytosis

Chemistry: Hyperbilirubinemia, hemoglobinemia, methemalbuminemia, hemoblobinuria, hemosiderinuria, decreased haptoglobin

BM: Erythroid hyperplasia