Module 5 - Ageing & Changing

Question 1

function of the kidneys

Answer 1

filter waste and excess ions out of the blood and into urine, deposit nutrients back into the blood

Question 2

the kidneys maintain proper balance between…

Answer 2

water and salts

acids and bases

Question 3

what hormone do the kidneys release?

Answer 3

erythropoietin

Question 4

what does erythropoietin do?

Answer 4

stimulates red blood cells production in bone marrow

Question 5

what do kidney cells do in relation to vitamin D?

Answer 5

convert it to its active form

Question 6

what happens to the kidneys as we age

Answer 6

they decrease in size

Question 7

what does the kidneys’ decrease in size as we age lead to?

Answer 7

a decrease in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rat (GFR)

Question 8

what do the kidneys become less effective at as we age

Answer 8

exchanging substances and reabsoroption

Question 9

the reduced function of the kidneys as we age consequently leads to an increased risk of what?

Answer 9

dehydration, hypontraemia and hyperkalaemia

Question 10

hyponatraemia

Answer 10

low levels of sodium in the blood

Question 11

hyperkalaemia

Answer 11

high levels of potassium in the blood

Question 12

why do older people need more vitamin d?

Answer 12

to assist in the intestinal absorption of calcium

Question 13

hypervolemia

Answer 13

fluid overload

Question 14

signs of hypervolemia

Answer 14

oedema, sudden weight gain, lower urine output, shortness of breath

Question 15

hypovolema

Answer 15

fluid volume depletion

Question 16

signs of hypovolemia

Answer 16

low Bp, tachycardia, sweating, lightheadedness, fatigue, confusion

Question 17

ensuring adequate fluid intake, promoting the use of vitamin D, promote strengthening of pelvic floor muscles, reviewing medications are all what?

Answer 17

nursing interventions to support the urinary system in older people

Question 18

what happens to digestive enzymes and saliva as we age?

Answer 18

production decreases

Question 19

what happens to the liver and what does this lead to

Answer 19

less effective at handling cholesterol > increased incidence of gallstones

Question 20

why does mouth health decrease?

Answer 20

enamel in teeth deteriorates

Question 21

what happens to the tongue

Answer 21

it atrophies

Question 22

atrophy

Answer 22

decrease in size

Question 23

sarcopenia

Answer 23

decrease in muscle fibers/muscle mass

Question 24

how can sarcopenia be prevented?

Answer 24

by regular exercise

Question 25

what causes decrease in height

Answer 25

spinal vertebebrae shortens, intervertebral disks thin

Question 26

encouraging independence and regular physical activity, education about osteoporosis and falls prevention, ensuring adequate vitamin d and calcium intake, assisting with mobility

Answer 26

nursing interventions to support neuromuscular in older people

Question 27

epidermis in ageing

Answer 27

thins

Question 28

why does the epidermis thin during ageing?

Answer 28

cells contain less moisture, cell turnover rate declines

Question 29

lentigo senilis

Answer 29

age spots

Question 30

what causes skin dryness in ageing

Answer 30

decrease in sebaceous gland activity and tissue fluid

Question 31

turgor

Answer 31

swelling