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Nursing Care of the Older Person > Module 3 - Dementia > Flashcards

Module 3 - Dementia Flashcards

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1
Q

what kind of disease is dementia? does it have a cure?

A

a terminal disease with no cure

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2
Q

what is demtnia?

A

a progressive neurodegenerative disease resulting in an irreversible loss of cognitive function

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3
Q

4 common causes of dementia

A
  • alzheimer’s disease
  • vascular dementia
  • lewy body disease
  • frontotemporal dementia
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4
Q

is dementia a normal part of ageing?

A

absolutely not

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5
Q

at what age can you be diagnosed with dementia?

A

any time, from 30s onwards

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6
Q

what term is used to describe dementia that is diagnosed in people under 65?

A

younger onset dementia

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7
Q

dementia is the ____ leading cause of death in australians

A

second

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8
Q

which percentage of residents in aged care facilities are living with dementia?

A

52%

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9
Q

how many australians were living with dementia in 2020?

A

459 000

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10
Q

dementia is a ___ term for…?

A

an umbrella term for over 100 conditions that cause symptoms of dementia

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11
Q

alzheimer’s disease accounts for what % of dementia in australia?

A

70%

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12
Q

alzheimer’s disease is caused by?

A

an abnormal build up of proteins in and around brain cells

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13
Q

alzheimer’s results in

A

impaired thinking, memory and behaviour

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14
Q

average life expectancy for those with alzheimer’s

A

7 to 10 years

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15
Q

alzheimer’s is linked with?

A

down syndrome

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16
Q

how does alzheimer’s often begin?

A

with short term memory loss and difficulty in finding the right words for everyday objects

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17
Q

later symptoms of alzheimer’s

A

impaired judgement, disorientation, confusion, behaviour changes, difficulty swallowing, speaking and walking

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18
Q

vascular dementia contributes to what % of dementia in asutralia

A

15-20%

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19
Q

vascular dementia is caused by?

A

issues with circulation of blood to the brain

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20
Q

the onset of vascular dementia can be…

A

sudden with less predictable progression

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21
Q

4 risk factors for vascular dementia

A
  • untreated hypertension
  • diabetes
  • high cholesterol
  • irregular heart rhythmns
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22
Q

symptoms of vascular dementia

A

impaired judgement, inability to plan steps needed to complete a task.

depression, mood swings, epilepsy

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23
Q

frontal lobe dementia accounts for what %

A

5-10%

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24
Q

frontal lobe dementia is caused by

A

degeneration in one or both frontal lobes of the brain

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25
Q

what are the frontal lobes of the brain involved in?

A
  • mood
  • social behaviour
  • attention
  • judgement
  • planning
  • self control
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26
Q

damage to the frontal lobe can lead to

A

reduced intellectual ability, personality, behavioural and emotional changes

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27
Q

frontal lobe dementia is more common amongst?

A

males and those with younger onset dementia

28
Q

symptom of FLD (social and hygiene)

A
  • talking to strangers or exhibiting otherwise ‘embarrassing’ behaviour
  • decline in attentiveness to hygiene
29
Q

personal changes FLD

A

personality, reasoning, mood and langugage

loss of ‘normal’ emotional responses

30
Q

dementia with lewy bodies %

A

5%

31
Q

what is dementia with lewy bodies caused by?

A

the debilitation and death of nerve cells in the brain as a result of abnormal structures (lewy bodies) developing inside them

32
Q

what is the progression of DwLB? who is it more commonly seen in?

A
  • more rapid than alzheimer’s

- more common in men

33
Q

fluctuating cognition and visual hallucinations are symtpoms of?

A

dementia with lewy bodies

34
Q

tremors and difficulty in concentrating, confusion and depth/distance perception

A

dementia with lewy bodies

35
Q

connection between parkinson’s disease and dementia

A

30-60% of people with the disease will develop dementia late in the course of the disease

36
Q

do people with parkinson’s always develop dementia?

A

no

37
Q

hallucinations, problems with planning, sequencing, decision making and distance/depth perception are symptoms of?

A

parkinson’s disease dementia

38
Q

alcohol related dementia is AKA

A

korsakoff’s syndrome

39
Q

alcohol dementia is caused by?

A

consumption of dangerous levels of alcohol resulting in irreversible brain damage

40
Q

personality changes, poor memory recall, balance issues and decrease initiative and spontaneity are all symptoms of?

A

alcohol related dementia

41
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is caused by?

A

the presence of abnormal proteins in the brain called prions

42
Q

prevalence of CJD

A

1 in a million australians

43
Q

average onset of CJD

A

65yrs

44
Q

life expectancy of CJD

A

weeks to months following onset of symptoms

45
Q

behavioural changes, blindness, weakness, loss of balance and coordination, issues walking and speaking and muscle spasms are all symptoms of?

A

creutzfeldt-jakob disease

46
Q
  • difficulty concentrating and completing tasks
  • recalling phone numbers, appointments and daily activities
  • unsteady gait, walking, balance and coordination issues
A

HIV associated dementia

47
Q

how long may the assessment/diagnosis process of dementia take?

A

3-6 months

48
Q

one element of diagnosis is?

A

cognitive screening

49
Q

does cognitive testing confirm a doagnosis?

A

no, but they do assist in the diagnosis

50
Q

what other tests are used to diagnose dementia?

A

CT scans, Mri, BLOOD TESTS

51
Q

4 examples of cognitive screening tests

A
  • PAS
  • MMSE
  • RUDAS
  • KICA-cog
52
Q

PAS

A

psychogeriatric assessment scales

53
Q

MMSE

A

mini mental state examination

54
Q

RUDAS

A

rowland universal dementia assessment scale

55
Q

KICA-cog

A

Kimberely indigenous cognitive assessment

56
Q

most widelt used cognitive assessment tool

A

MMSE

57
Q

MMSE normal score

A

25-30

58
Q

PAS scoring

A

higher score indicating greater cognitive impairment

59
Q

the RUDAS is recommended for use with those who?

A

are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, or have limited education

60
Q

what score in the RUDAS indicates possible cognitive impairment?

A

22 or less

61
Q

the KICA-cog is ideal for use with?

A

older aboriginal and torres strait island people from remote areas

62
Q

KICA-cog scoring

A

lower scores indicate increasing cognitive impairment (max score of 30)

63
Q

what is BPSD?

A

behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia

64
Q

what does BPSD do?

A

categorises all dementia related behaviour, recommending appropriate interventions for each, such as medications

65
Q

why do many health professionals call for the ban of BPSD?

A

it does not offer a person-centred philosophy

66
Q

CEASE stands for

A

comfort, environment, activity, social contact, engaging

Nursing Care of the Older Person (9 decks)

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