Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychiatry > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of “Adult”: Biological

A

…when we reach the age at which we can reproduce…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Definition of “Adult”: Legal

A

… when we reach the age at which the law says we can vote, get a driver’s license, marry without consent…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Definition of “Adult”: Social

A

… when we start performing adult roles…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Definition of “Adult”: Psychological

A

…when we arrive at a self-concept of being responsible for our lives, of being self-directing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stages of adulthood

A

Early – 19 to 34
Middle - 35 to 64
Late – 65 +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Physical Development in Early Adulthood: Height

A

Height Peaks at:
Female - 18
Male - 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Physical Development in Early Adulthood: Weight

A

Weight: 20-30

Female - 15 lbs
Male - 14 lbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Physical Development in Early Adulthood:

A 
Spinal discs settle decreasing height;
fatty tissue increases,
causing weight increase,
muscle strength decreases, 
reaction time levels off,
cardiac output declines
Begins at age 10; results in difficulty in focusing on close objects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Physical Development in Early Adulthood: Muscle structure and internal organs

A

19-26 – peak

>26 – body slows down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Physical Development in Early Adulthood: Sensory function

A
  • decreased eye lens flexibility;

- Female - can detect higher-pitched sounds than men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Physical Development in Early Adulthood: Nervous system

A
  • continues to increase in weight

- reaches maximum potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Health Concerns of Early Adults

A

Lifestyle choices affect the state of health in early adulthood

  • Food choices
  • Tobacco
  • Alcohol
  • Physical fitness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Perry’s stages of intellectual/ethical development

A
  1. Dualism
  2. Relativism
  3. Commitment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

world is viewed in polar terms

A

Dualism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • uncertainty: exists, is acceptable and Is legitimate

- Knowledge and content are relative to context

A

Relativism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • Realize need to commit to an idea
  • Begins to choose commitment
  • Makes commitment
  • Manifests commitment
A

Commitment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dualism

A

Position 1-

  • The world is viewed in such polar terms:
  • right vs wrong;
  • we vs they;
  • good vs bad;
  • absolute right;
  • authorities have absolute knowledge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Relativism

A

Position 2:
- uncertainty exists; poorly qualified authorities; they can learn truth for themselves

Position 3:

  • diversity and uncertainty are acceptable
  • because authorities don’t know answers yet;
  • puzzled at what standards should be

Position 4:

  • uncertainty and diversity are legitimate;
  • two authorities can disagree without either of them being right or wrong

Position 5
knowledge and content are relative to the context

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Perry’s stages of intellectual/ethical development: Position 2

A
  • uncertainty exists;
  • poorly qualified authorities;
  • they can learn truth for themselves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Perry’s stages of intellectual/ethical development: Position 3

A
  • diversity and uncertainty are acceptable
  • because authorities don’t know answers yet;
  • puzzled at what standards should be
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Perry’s stages of intellectual/ethical development: Position 4

A
  • uncertainty and diversity are legitimate;

* two authorities can disagree without either of them being right or wrong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Perry’s stages of intellectual/ethical development: Position 5

A
  • knowledge and content are relative to the context
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Commitment

A

Position 6:
- realizes need to commit to an idea or concept rather than look for an authority to follow

Position 7:
- begins to choose commitment

Position 8:
- makes commitment: explores issues of responsibility involved

Position 9:

  • person’s identity affirmed through various commitments made;
  • recognizes that commitments are expressed through a daily lifestyle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Perry’s stages of intellectual/ethical development: Position 6

A
  • realizes need to commit to an idea or concept rather than look for an authority to follow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Perry’s stages of intellectual/ethical development: Position 7

A
  • begins to choose commitment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Perry’s stages of intellectual/ethical development: Position 8

A
  • makes commitment: explores issues of responsibility involved
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Perry’s stages of intellectual/ethical development: Position 9

A
  • person’s identity affirmed through various commitments made;
  • recognizes that commitments are expressed through a daily lifestyle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

“This is how life will be. I will fight for my values yet respect others, believe my deepest values right yet be ready to learn. I see that I shall be retracing this whole journey over and over – but, I hope wisely.”

A

Highest intellectual stage of development in early adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q
  • The young adult undergoes transformations(Gould); three developmental stages until middle age.
  • The young adult matures when he realizes that some assumptions are false.
A

Psychosocial development in early adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Psychosocial development in early adulthood

A 
Stage 1 (age 17-22) 
Stage 2 (age 22-28)
Stage 3 (age 28-34)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

False assumption about self vs Transformed belief about self (Stage 1: Age 17-22)

A

False assumption about self: I believe everything that my parents tell me.

Transformed belief about self: I don’t believe everything that my parents tell me.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

False assumption about self vs Transformed belief about self (Stage 2: Age 22-28)

A

False assumption about self: I can always depend on my parents

Transformed belief about self: I’m on my own now.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

False assumption about self vs Transformed belief about self (Stage 2: Age 28-34)

A

False assumption about self: I am a perfectly good person

Transformed belief about self: I have some bad traits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

(Eight Stages of Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory)

Stage 1 - Trust vs mistrust

A

Age: Birth to 1 year

Central Issue: Can I trust others?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

(Eight Stages of Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory)

Stage 2 - Autonomy vs shame and doubt

A

Age: 1 to 3 years

Central Issue: Can I act on my own:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

(Eight Stages of Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory)

Stage 3 - Initiative vs guilt

A

Age: 3 to 6 years

Central Issue: Can I carry out my plans successfully?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

(Eight Stages of Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory)

Stage 4 - Industry vs inferiority

A

Age: 6 to 12 years

Central Issue: Am I competent compared with others?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

(Eight Stages of Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory)

Stage 5 - Identity vs role confusion

A

Age: 12 to 20 years

Central Issue: Who am I?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

(Eight Stages of Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory)

Stage 6 - Intimacy vs isolation

A

Age: 20 to 40 years

Central Issue: Am I ready for a relationship?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

(Eight Stages of Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory)

Stage 7 - Generativity vs stagnation

A

Age: 40 to 65 years

Central Issue: Have I left my mark?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

(Eight Stages of Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory)

Stage 8 - Integrity vs despair

A

Age: 65 years and older

Central Issue: Has my life been meaningful?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Erikson’s Stage Six: intimacy versus isolation

20-40 years

A
  • Am I ready for a relationship?

- Am I ready for intimacy in a relationship?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Intimacy should include:

A
  • Mutuality of orgasm
  • With a loved partner
  • Of the other sex
  • With whom one is able and willing to share a mutual trust
  • And with whom one is able and willing to regulate the cycles of work, recreation and procreation
  • So as to secure to the offspring, too, all the stages of a satisfactory development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

If not ready for intimacy,

A

Young adult distantiates himself/herself from others to cope with the threat of rejection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Counterpart of intimacy: distantiation

A
  • Readiness to distance ourselves from others when we feel threatened by their behavior
  • Most young adults vacillate between intimacy and distantiation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Psychosocial Issues of the early adult

A
  • Marriage

- Career choice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

As a medical student, your life pattern does not correspond with the __.

A

norm of early adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

__ have distinctive biological, psychological and social aspects

A

Midlifers and the elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Adulthood: “Adult”

A

Biological: can reproduce
Legal: the law says we can vote, get a driver’s license, marry without consent…
Social: start performing adult roles
Psychological: being responsible for our lives, of being self-directing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Early Adulthood: Summary

A
  • Peak of physical development
  • A young adult’s way of thinking moves from dualism to relativism to commitment. (Perry’s stages of intellectual development)
  • Young adulthood is the stage of establishing intimacy versus isolation (Erikson’s stages)
  • As a young adult matures, he changes false assumptions about authorities to eventually realize false assumptions about himself. (Gould’s stages of transformation)
  • Health concerns are dependent on lifestyle choices
  • Psychosocial issues are marriage and career choice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Biological Dimension in Middle Adulthood

A

10% gradual decline in muscular strength between ages 30-60

  • Most loss in back and legs
  • Muscle tone and flexibility decrease
  • Longer healing time
  • Muscle generally replaced by fat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Biological Dimension in Middle Adulthood: Decreased adaptation to darkness or light

A

Decreased adaptation to darkness or light;

  • less focus of nearby objects;
  • less detection of colors;
  • less ability to detect moving objects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Biological Dimension in Middle Adulthood: ability to smell

A
  • Less ability to detect high frequencies

- Less ability to smell and taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Health Concerns of the Middle Adult

A
  • Weight management
  • Substance abuse
  • Climacteric
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q
  • a relatively abrupt change in the body, brought about by changes in hormonal balances;
  • Menopause
  • Andropause
A

Climacteric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Middle Adulthood: Intellectual Functions

A
  • Short term memory declines

- Long-term memory not affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Fluid intelligence vs Crystallized Intelligence

A

Fluid intelligence – related with speeded tasks;invlolves reaction time
Crystallized intelligence – verbal ability and cultural knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Review of Gould’s stages of transformation: Stage one - 17-22

A

Stage one - 17-22
“I’ll always belong to my parents and believe in their world.”

Transformation: leaving our parent’s world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Review of Gould’s stages of transformation: Stage two- 22 – 28

A

Stage two- 22 – 28
“My parents will always be there to help me.

Transformation: I’m nobody’s baby now.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Review of Gould’s stages of transformation: Stage three - 28-34

A

Stage three - 28-34
Life is simple and controllable. There are no significant coexisting contradictory forces within me.

Transformation: Opening up to what’s inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Stage four of Gould’s Transformations (False Assumption)

A

False Assumption:
There is no evil or death in the world. The sinister has been destroyed.

  • “The illusions of safety can last forever.”
  • “Death can’t happen to me or my loved ones.”
  • “It is impossible to live without a protector.”
  • “There is no life beyond this family.”
  • “I am innocent.”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Stage four of Gould’s Transformations (Transformation)

A

Transformation: Come to terms with realities:

  1. Life is not what I thought it was going to be.
    * Time of parents’ death;
  2. People you love can disappoint you.
    * Marriage break-ups
    * Business failures
  3. I cannot be the great person I was wishing to be.
    * Unfulfilled ambitions
    * Unmet expectations of self
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Transformation seen in role reversals

A
  • Taking care of parents
  • Men no longer fear their bosses or mentors.
  • Women realize that they can live without men.
  • Express other aspects of their personality.
  • New hobbies
  • Career change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Transformation seen in change in focus

A
  • From self to others

- Erikson’s generativity versus stagnation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Generativity versus Stagnation

A

GENERATIVITY: a desire to create things in the world that will outlive you
*Guiding the next generation, or improving society in general

Failure at generativity may lead to STAGNATION (LACK OF GROWTH/ DEVELOPMENT)
*May be self- centered, isolated and unable to participate meaningfully in the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Psychosocial Issues for the Middle Adult

A
  • Changing family patterns
  • Divorce or estranged relationships
  • Empty nest syndrome
  • Midlife career change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Middle Adulthood: Summary

A
  • Muscular and sensory abilities decline.
  • Some aspects of intelligence decrease while others increase.
  • The psychosocial developments center around role reversals and generativity.
  • Health concerns are weight management and substance abuse and the climacterium.
  • Psychosocial issues are changing family patterns and midlife career crisis.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Late adulthood (Skin and Hormonal Changes)

A

Skin Changes
- Wrinkling, pallor from decreased skin vascularity

Hormonal Changes
- Decreased production of growth hormone leads to increased body fat, weight loss, decreased muscle strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Late adulthood (Sexuality and Neurological)

A

Sexuality
- Some decline in functioning

Neurological
- Decreased cerebral blood flow and brain weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Late adulthood: Psychological Dimension

A
  • Personality remains fairly stable over time (introversion-extroversion, aggressiveness, hostility)
  • Majority of older persons view their lives as enjoyable and productive
  • Morale is maintained through intimate social companions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Cognitive Functioning in the Late Adult

A
  • substantial age-related declines in the range from 20 to 70 years of age…
  • On the other hand, are seldom perceived to be less cognitively competent than…
  • leadership positions in society
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Psychosocial Formulations on Late Adulthood

A

Erikson’s integrity versus despair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Integrity versus Despair

A
  • Reflecting upon one’s life and its role in the big scheme of things
  • EGO INTEGRITY: satisfaction and pride in past accomplishments vs.
  • DESPAIR: feelings of regret about failures and disappointments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

My life has been well spent. I am sad about impending death but I find comfort in my achievements.

A

INTEGRITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q
  • I’m sorry for the wrong decisions I made.
  • Why can’t I have another chance?
  • I’m afraid of dying.
A

DESPAIR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Social Dimension (Late Adulthood)

A
  • Longevity of life in the geriatric population is associated with continued physical and occupational activity, advanced education and presence of SOCIAL SUPPORT
  • Dealing with multiple losses: Social status and worth, friends, family, health, independence- however…
  • Most elderly live independently
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Late Adulthood: Summary

A
  • The physical decline noted in middle adulthood continues through late adulthood.
  • Cognitive function is believed to decline in some aspects but is compensated for in other aspects.
  • The psychosocial development is focused on integrity versus despair.
  • Dementia is a health concern.
  • Psychosocial concerns are sexuality and retirement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q
  • A covenant, by which a man and a woman establish between themselves, a partnership of whole life, is by its nature ordered toward the good of spouses and the procreation and education of offspring.
  • Unity
  • Indissolubility of marriage
A

Marriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q
  • What binds the two people in the state of matrimony is the marital rights and duties exchanged by the marriage contract.
  • A new structural unit: husband and wife
  • Mr and Mrs.
  • Invited as one
  • Regarded as one by relatives and friends
  • Think and act as one: conjugal properties
  • Creates a new series of statuses and network of relationships: individuals and families
A

Marriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

(Marital Role Relationship)

– societal expectations or status

A

Structural-functional framework

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

(Marital Role Relationship)

– interaction process where one adjusts his/her behavior and reactions to what he/she thinks the other person will do.

A

Interactional framework

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

(Marital Role Relationship)

Roles

A

Dependent: the expected role and the role behavior are integrated and compatible

Couples relate and adjust to one another on the basis of roles: reciprocal and complimentary

  • The husband’s role is better understood in terms of the wife’s role and vice-versa
  • Each spouse evaluates himself/herself and the other on the basis of how well each role is performed.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

(Marital Role Relationship)

Roles

A
  • Role model of the family
  • Role relations change continually throughout the life cycle of the family
    boy –> young man–> husband upon marriage–> a father after the birth of a child–>a father-in-law when the child marries—> a grandfather when the child reproduces–>a widower if he survives his wife.
  • Roles change over time
  • Need adjustments and agreements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Traditional Husband and Wife Roles

A
  1. Traditional role differentiation
  2. Instrumental-expressive roles
  3. Biological view
  4. Socio-cultural view
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

(Traditional Husband and Wife Role)

  • livelihood preoccupation
  • expected to be responsible for supporting the family
  • responsible for the family’s relationship with the outside world
A

Husbands

86
Q

(Traditional Husband and Wife Role)

  • domestic management
  • housekeeper, cook, laundress, seamstress, and nursemaid
  • responsible for family’s internal needs
A

Wives

87
Q

(Instrumental – Expressive Roles)

  • Manipulation of external environment to attain specific goals
  • Associated with masculinity
  • Competitiveness, self-confidence, logic, non-emotionality
A

Instrumental character traits (Husband)

88
Q

(Instrumental – Expressive Roles)

  • Warmth, sensitivity to the needs of the others
  • Associated with femininity
  • Emotional support and tension management
A

Expressive character traits (Wife)

89
Q

The more enduring relationship is one which rejects polarized gender roles and integrates the __ by combining both expressive and instrumental qualities;I.e. combining care and practical assistance with affection and emotional closeness.

A

“masculine” and “feminine” styles

90
Q

– is rooted in the biophysical differences between male and female

A

Biological view

91
Q

– believes in the malleability of the individual and the influence that the external environmental factors have in molding and directing behavior: socialization experiences, peer group standards, situational factors and cultural norms

  • Filipino couples in the rural communities
  • The impact of the family on gender role socialization
A

Socio-cultural view

92
Q

Changing roles of the wife

A
  • Assume the role of being economically independent as co-breadwinner
  • Pursue a career and attain a high status for herself and her family
  • Commitment to active political, civic and community service
  • As a partner to her husband, the Filipino wife is “co-manager” and family treasurer.
93
Q

Dual earner VS Dual career (Studies)

A

Monsod, 1999 - DTI showed that 80% of the registered enterprises are either owned, ran or operated by women

Mercado, 1990 - Rise of small scale family enterprises
Racinas and Bautista, 1988 - successful labor migration

94
Q
  • The state recognizes the role of women in nation-building, and shall ensure fundamental equality before the law
  • Protection of women - providing safe and healthful working conditions
  • Provide facilities - establishment of day centers
  • Provide opportunities
  • Realize their potentials - practical arts subjects
A

National Committee for the Role of Filipino Women (NCRFW)

95
Q
  • Economic provider, general handyman around the house, symbolic household head, representative of the family in the community
  • As the family man, the husband’s chief role is to support his family.
  • It is the man’s moral obligation to provide economic security to his wife and children.
A

The Husband’s Role

96
Q

The Husband’s Role (Issues)

A
  • Reversal of roles or “house-band”
  • Upsurge of women labor or work force
  • OFWS
97
Q

Refers to the ability to affect the behavior of others.

A

Power

98
Q

Power (Two dimensions)

A

Influence and authority

99
Q

– power which emanates from an individual’s own abilities, skills, charisma, or some other personal characteristics

A

Influence

100
Q

– power which is legitimated or culturally prescribed

A

Authority

101
Q

Indicators of Conjugal Power

A
  1. Task allocation or division of labor
  2. Decision-making
  3. Who wins in the disagreements
  4. Which spouse needs permission
102
Q

Bases of Conjugal Power

A
  1. Personality and background
  2. Power structure in the family
  3. Family and kinship structure
  4. Situational Factors
  5. Amount of resources each individual spouse brings into the marriage
103
Q

Adjustment in Marriage

A
  • Factors related to marital success
  • Intermarriage
  • Family violence
  • Husband-wife conflict
  • Husband wife separation
104
Q
  • Adaptation of each spouse to each other and to the various tasks and situations of living together
  • A continuing process for the couple which means working out a dynamic relationship
  • Requires flexibility and adaptability in statuses, roles and lifestyles
A

Adjustment in Marriage

105
Q
  • Refers to the achievement of one or more goals including permanence, companionship, fulfilling expectations.
  • For the couple, it is achieved when they perceive that their marriage is happy, that their experiences are satisfying, and that they have adequately adjusted to each other in the various aspects of their married life.
A

Marital Success

106
Q

Pillars for Success: 9 Tasks for a Happy Marriage (First)

A
  • Separate emotionally from the family of one’s childhood so as to invest fully in the marriage and, at the same time, to redefine the lines of connection with both families of origin.
107
Q

Pillars for Success: 9 Tasks for a Happy Marriage (Second)

A
  • Building togetherness based on mutual identification, shared intimacy and an expanded conscience that includes both partners, while at the same time setting boundaries to protect each other’s autonomy.
108
Q

Pillars for Success: 9 Tasks for a Happy Marriage (Third)

A
  • Establish a rich and pleasurable intimate, faithful relationship and to protect it from the incursions of the workplace and obligations.
109
Q

Pillars for Success: 9 Tasks for a Happy Marriage (Fourth)

A
  • For couples with children, to embrace the openness to life and daunting roles of parenthood.
110
Q

Pillars for Success: 9 Tasks for a Happy Marriage (Fifth and Sixth)

A
  • Confronting and mastering the inevitable crises of life, and maintaining the strength of the marital bond in the face of adversity. The marriage should be a safe haven in which partners are able to express their differences, anger and conflict.
111
Q

Pillars for Success: 9 Tasks for a Happy Marriage (Seventh)

A
  • Using humor and laughter to keep things in perspective and to avoid boredom and isolation.
112
Q

Pillars for Success: 9 Tasks for a Happy Marriage (Eighth)

A
  • nurturing and comforting each other, satisfying each other’s needs for dependency and offering continuing encouragement and support.
113
Q

Pillars for Success: 9 Tasks for a Happy Marriage (Ninth)

A
  • to keep alive the early romantic, idealized images of falling in love, whilE facing the realities of the changes brought by time.
114
Q

Factors related to Marital Success

A
  1. Family background
  2. Socio-economic status – wife’s employment
  3. Age at marriage
  4. Content and process of communication
  5. Location of residence
  6. Religiosity
115
Q

Strengths to look for and to build upon:

A
  • Flexibility and ability to compromise
  • Ability to communicate
  • Shared decision-making: acknowledge and respect
  • Pulling together in times of trouble
116
Q

Strengths to look for and to build upon: (2)

A
  • Sense of humor
  • Caring enough to fight
  • Realistic expectations and acceptance
  • The ability to personally develop oneself, pursue different interests, then come. together and share their experiences.
117
Q

Intermarriages

A

Source of adjustment difficulties

Factors:

  • Cultural, e.g. family organization and structure
  • Communication barriers
  • Age
  • Intelligence or educational attainment
  • Differences in social class backgrounds – e.g. food, clothes, type of recreation
  • Religious differences – beliefs and practices
118
Q

Factors contributing to marital satisfaction in intermarriages

A
  • Flexibility of spouses
  • Mutual commitment to marriage
  • Compatibility of educational level ability to communicate both feelings and emotions to each other
  • Filipino wife: values of obedience, respect for elders, desire for a harmonious relationships, responsibility, friendliness paved the way for a mutual understanding
119
Q

Family Violence: Misuse of Power

A
  • The family and home is usually thought of as a place of refuge and security where members enjoy the most satisfying and intimate relationships
  • Consequences: physical, emotional, psychological, social and behavioral
120
Q

– not only a violation of their right to protection, but also their right to survival, participation and development

A

VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

121
Q

Family Violence

A
  • Different forms: physical, economic, emotional and sexual
  • Risk factors: strained relationship, extreme poverty, history of abuse, drugs and alcohol
  • Epidemiology:
    Wife battering – 60%
    Rape – 18%
    Others – 18 %
122
Q

Issues on VAW

A
  • Women are reluctant to admit that abuse took place because of feelings of self-blame, shame and loyalty to the abuser.
  • Women in many cultures are socialized to accept physical and emotional chastisement as part of their husband’s prerogative
  • Women are afraid of reprisal and loss of economic support from the husband
  • Stigma associated with VAW
123
Q

Conflict is natural and inevitable in all human interaction including marital relations

A

Husband-Wife Conflict

124
Q

Common cause of conflict among Filipino couples:

A
  • Infidelity
  • Relationship with in-laws
  • Vices ,e.g. gambling and drinking
  • Lack of or difficulties in communication
  • Personality or character problems such as immaturity, irresponsibility and incompatibility
  • Financial reasons – e.g. inadequacy as breadwinner or non support
125
Q
  • It is through conflict and its resolution that misunderstandings are clarified and problems are better understood.
  • If the conflict is handled constructively, the relationship is actually strengthened
  • Contributes to the better understanding and greater intimacy of the spouses.
A

Functional Value Conflict

126
Q
  • When conflict and disagreements go unresolved, they accumulate through the years and the couple start to drift apart from each other.
  • Most common arrangement: hiwalay system or separation by informal agreement without benefit of judicial process
A

Husband-Wife Separation

127
Q

Husband-Wife Separation: Situation

A

Situation: intolerable, repressed feelings an pent-up emotions

128
Q

Husband-Wife Separation

A
  • Declaration of nullity
  • Legal separation
  • Annulment of the marriage
  • Divorce
129
Q
  • There never was a valid and binding contract.
  • There was an official finding that there never was a marriage, that the couple were never truly man and wife, because some essential requisite or (s) for validity were wanting at the time the marriage contract was solemnized.
  • Both are free to marry someone else.
A

Declaration of Nullity

130
Q

Declaration of Nullity

A
  • Lack of true discretion
  • Insufficient consent at the time of the wedding because one of the parties “lacks the maturity of judgment necessary and sufficient to understand, choose, undertake, and fulfill the responsibilities of marriage”
  • Psychological incapacity: schizophrenia, homosexuality, psychopathy, sociopathy, anxiety neuroses
131
Q
  • When the married couple are allowed by judicial sentence to break this complementary unity of life.
  • Permits spouses to live separately but the marital bonds are not severed, so neither spouse may remarry. Imperfect or relative divorce
A

Legal Separation

132
Q

Grounds for legal separation (FCP,1987) (1-5)

A
  1. Violence and corruption, e.g. prostitution
  2. Moral pressure to compel a change in religious or political affiliation
  3. Imprisonment
  4. Drug addiction or alcoholism
  5. Lesbianism or homosexuality
133
Q

Grounds for legal separation (FCP,1987) (6-9)

A
  1. Bigamy
  2. Sexual infidelity or perversion
  3. Attempt on one’s life
  4. Abandonment without justifiable cause
134
Q
  • It is the voiding of a defective contract that is valid and binding from the beginning up to the moment of its annulment.
  • Thus parties are free to marry new partners
A

Civil Annulment of Marriage

135
Q

True or False

When a marriage is annuled, there was a valid marriage and the couple was truly man and wife up to the time when the sentence of the annulment takes effect.

A

True

136
Q

FCP provides that the marriage may be annulled if any of the following existed at the time of the marriage: (1-3)

A

1.

137
Q

FCP provides that the marriage may be annulled if any of the following existed at the time of the marriage: (4-6)

A
  1. Consent obtained by force, intimidation or undue influence
  2. Physically incapable of consummating the marriage
  3. Affliction with STD found to be serious and incurable
138
Q
  • When the man and the wife agree not merely to live in different houses, but take the further step of revoking the exclusive rights they mutually gave each other, then the marriage bond itself is broken, the marriage dissolved.
  • It is the dissolution of the marriage bond, which absolute divorce effects, that leaves the divorced parties free to marry again.
A

Divorce

139
Q

How do separated women cope with the situation?

A
  1. Keeping occupied
    - Getting a full-time job
    - Being actively involved in religious organizations
    - Engaging in money-making enterprises
    - Pursuing higher education
  2. Seek support
    - Overcome loneliness and hiya or shame and the stigma of separation
140
Q

Surviving the Break-up! How children cope with Divorce

A
  • Varying reactions
  • Better alternative
  • Depressed: insomnia, learning deficiencies, behavior problems
  • Confused, angry
  • Lose their grandparents
  • Psychological trauma due to the disintegration of the family
  • Suicide, obesity and school problems
  • Drug addiction
  • Early pregnancies, abortions, crimes
141
Q
  • A natural outcome of marriage
  • Strong cultural pressures and expectations for every married couple to have children
  • The child’s position in the family is significant because it is the child who gives the family its form and structure.
  • Mag-asawa
  • Mag-anak – refer to the family
A

PARENTHOOD

142
Q
  • Links the families of the father and mother : bilaterally extended family
  • Related by blood equally to both his father and mother’s kin-group
  • Acquisition of new roles and statuses: new sets of duties, responsibilities and obligations
A

Child

143
Q

Value of Children

A
  • The Filipino family has always been child centered as evidenced by the sacrifices the parents make for their children.
144
Q

What motivates Filipinos to have children?

A
  • Help they provide: financial help, support in old age, assistance in housework and childcare
  • Rural areas, take an active part in the family production and maintenance activities
  • Provide social and emotional benefits: companionship, love and happiness, play and fun
  • Gives them incentives of success, satisfying their drive for achievement, providing a sense of fulfillment in their lives
  • Serve as an inspiration to give them the best in life
145
Q
  • Cement the union of their parents by helping strengthen the marital bond
  • Bring good luck because the child is seen as a gift of God
  • To bear a child is the fulfillment of one’s womanhood and masculinity
  • Children perpetuate the family name
A

Value of Children

146
Q
  • Is a process whereby the individual acquires and internalizes the norms, attitudes, and values of his/her society
  • Process by which the individual’s personality is formed
  • Agents of socialization: family, school, church
A

Role of Parents in Socialization

147
Q

Family

A
  • Child spends a great part of his/ her time especially the formative years
  • Child receives his/her earliest training in proper behavior
148
Q

True/False

The family plays a major role in the development of his personality and character.

A

True

149
Q
  • Parents are obliged to support the child in the form of a balanced diet, adequate clothing, sufficient shelter, proper medical attention, and education until the child completes his training for some profession,trade or vocation
  • Parents have the primary right and obligation to provide for the upbringing of the child and to discipline him as may be necessary for the formation of his/her good character.
A

Child and Youth Welfare Code

150
Q
  • Genuine love and concern for the child’s welfare
  • Community expectations
  • Legal prescription
A

Child-Rearing

151
Q
  • The fathers’ feelings about the quality of fathering they received when they were youngsters is the most consistent predictor of their involvement with their children: child care and child rearing
A

Fatherhood

152
Q

Four types of fatherhood according to activity dimension or degree of involvement with children:

A
  1. Procreator father
  2. Dilettante father
  3. Determinative father
  4. Generative father
153
Q

– equates fatherhood with raising of and providing for children

A

Procreator father

154
Q

– one who is often away from home but maintains a warm relationship with children

A

Dilettante father

155
Q

– one who sees fatherhood as a task and obligation, and is obsessed with directing his children’s lives

A

Determinative father

156
Q

– one who spends time with children and enjoys being with them such that fatherhood becomes an opportunity for his own growth and development

A

Generative father

157
Q

Study of the experiences of dying and bereavement

A

Thanatology

158
Q

the absolute cessation of vital functions

A

Death

159
Q

the process of losing these functions

A

DYING

160
Q

Dying, and the individual’s awareness of it, imbues humans with values, passions, wishes and the impetus to make the most of time

A

Death

161
Q

Good Death vs Bad Death

A

Good Death: one that is free from avoidable distress and suffering for patients, families and caregivers and is reasonably consistent with clinical, cultural and ethical standards

Bad Death: characterized by needless suffering, a dishonoring of patient or family wishes or values, and a sense among participants or observers that norms of decency have been offended

162
Q

Reactions To Death

A
  • Timely
  • Untimely
  • Intentional
  • Unintentional
  • Subintentional
163
Q

Reactions To Death: Elisabeth Kubler-Ross (impending death)

A 
Stage 1:  Shock and Denial
Stage 2:  Anger
Stage 3:  Bargaining
Stage 4:  Depression
Stage 5:  Acceptance
164
Q

Reactions To Death: Therese Rando’s 6 Rs

A
  • Recognize the loss
  • React
  • Recollect and Re-experience
  • Relinquish
  • Readjust
  • Reinvest
165
Q

(Attitudes Toward Death Across The Life Cycle)
JEAN PIAGET: CHILDREN
Pre-school (

A
  • a temporary absence, incomplete and reversible, like departure or sleep
  • Separation from primary caregiver is a main fear
166
Q

(Attitudes Toward Death Across The Life Cycle)
JEAN PIAGET: CHILDREN
5 - 10 y.o. - inevitable human mortality

A
  • Concrete operational thinking
  • Death is a final reality that happens to old people not children
  • Usually have active fantasies of violence and aggression dominated by themes of death and killing
167
Q

(Attitudes Toward Death Across The Life Cycle)
JEAN PIAGET: Adolescents
(Formal concrete operations)

A
  • Death is inevitable and final but may not accept possibility of their own death
  • Great potential for isolation and withdrawal
168
Q

(Attitudes Toward Death Across The Life Cycle)

JEAN PIAGET: Puberty

A
  • universal, inevitable, irreversible
169
Q

(Attitudes Toward Death Across The Life Cycle)

JOHN BOWLBY: CHILDREN

A

Phase 1 : Protest
Phase 2 : Despair
Phase 3 : Detachment

170
Q

(Attitudes Toward Death Across The Life Cycle)

Erick Erickson

A

Young adults - focus on missing the chance to marry

Middle age - frustrated in their plans to enjoy hard earned pleasure

Older age - confront increasing reality of their own mortality; integrity vs despair

171
Q
  • among the most stressful of all life experiences
  • Older adults have more favorable outcome
  • Depressive symptoms peak within the first few months but decline significantly within a year
A

Spousal Bereavement

172
Q
  • Process by which grief is resolved

- societal expression of post bereavement behavior and practices

A

Mourning

173
Q

Mourning

A

Rituals for mourning - Wake, internment
Rituals for disposing the body
Rituals for invocation of religious ceremonies
Rituals for periodic official remembrances

174
Q

Mourning (Funeral)

A

Funeral prevailing display of bereavement

175
Q

State of being deprived of someone by death and being in the state of mourning

A

Bereavement

176
Q

STAGES of BEREAVEMENT (Clayton, 1999)

A
  1. Numbness
  2. Depression
  3. Recovery
177
Q

(STAGES of BEREAVEMENT)

  • Dazed, functioning almost automatically (doing what needs to be done but without much awareness), forgetful of what’s been done
  • Usually lasts for a few hours to days, seldom weeks
A

Numbness

178
Q

(STAGES of BEREAVEMENT)

  • Insomnia, restlessness, irritability
  • Mostly reduced over time but may be reactivated on holidays, anniversaries, birthdays, and at times of other personally meaningful events
  • Lasts a few weeks to a year
A

Depression

179
Q

(STAGES of BEREAVEMENT)

  • Acceptance of loss
  • Return to pre-morbid level of functioning
  • Seek out new relationships and roles; return to roles before death
  • Varies by age, gender, health of survivor
  • Within 6 months of loss
A

Recovery

180
Q

Bereavement: Stages according to Bowlby

A

Stage 1 : early phase of acute despair (numbness and protest)
Stage 2: phase of intense yearning and searching
Stage 3: phase of disorganization and despair
Stage 4: phase of reorganization

181
Q

Bereavement in children: Symptoms indicating major depressive disorder exceeding usual bereavement

A
  • Guilt related to issues beyond those surrounding the loved one
  • Preoccupation with death other than thoughts of being dead
182
Q

Bereavement in children

A

A child’s grief can be influenced by his or her age personality, developmental stage, earlier experiences with death, his or her relationship with the deceased

183
Q

Bereavement in children (Younger than 2 yo to Adolescent)

A

Younger than 2 yo – loss of speech diffuse distress

Younger than 5 yo – eating, bowel and bladder dysfunctions, strong feelings of sadness, fear, anxiety

School aged – phobic, hypochondriacal, withdrawn, psuedomature, school performance suffers

Adolescents – behavioral problems, somatic symptoms erratic moods to stoicism

184
Q

Bereavement in children

A

Symptoms indicating major depressive disorder exceeding usual bereavement

  • Guilt about things other than actions taken or not taken by the survivor at the time of death
  • Morbid preoccupation with worthlessness
185
Q

Symptoms indicating major depressive disorder exceeding usual bereavement

  • Marked psychomotor retardation
  • Prolonged marked functional impairment
  • Hallucinatory experiences
A

Bereavement

186
Q

emotional and/or psychological reaction to any loss, not limited to death

A

Grief

187
Q

Grief: Duration

A

Duration

  • Cultural
  • Dictated by society
  • In children depends on support system
  • loneliness
188
Q

Normal Grief

A
  • Uncomplicated Grief
  • identifying with the deceased taking on traits/ possessions
    hear fleeting, transient voice
  • denial of certain aspects of the deceased
189
Q

Pathological Grief

A
  • believes he is the dead person or dying of the same disease
  • persistent, intrusive complex auditory hallucinations
    dead person still alive
190
Q

Normal Grief 2

A
  • disbelief, denial shock
  • Profound sadness survival guilt intact self esteem
  • Sense of unreality withdrawal
  • Anger and irritability
191
Q

Pathological Grief 2

A
  • Denial delayed or absent grief
  • Depression impaired self esteem suicidal
  • Progressive social isolation
  • Hostility paranoid reactions
192
Q
  • mood fluctuations
  • waves, washes over
  • time limited
A

Grief

193
Q
  • mood disturbance is pervasive, unremitting

- hopeless

A

Depression

194
Q

A normal albeit, intensely painful state that is responsive to support, empathy and passage of time

A

Grief

195
Q

Self-reproach common

Survivor guilt

A

Grief

196
Q
  • Potentially a medical emergency that requires immediate intervention to forestall a complication like suicide
A

Major Depressive Disorder

197
Q

(Biology of Grief)

  • disruption of biological rhythms
  • Impaired immune functioning
  • decreased lymphocyte proliferation
  • impaired functioning of natural killer cells
A

Acute Grief

198
Q

(Biology of Grief)

  • Mortality rate for widows and widowers following the death of a spouse is higher than that in the general population
  • Widowers appear to be at risk longer than widows
A

Acute Grief

199
Q

(Dealing With Grief)

Physician responses

A
  • often reflect underlying attitudes toward death
  • Death as a personal failure or threat to personal immortality
  • medical training focuses almost entirely on the control and eradication of disease at the expense of care and comfort of the person with the disease
200
Q 
(Dealing With Grief)
Physician responses (2)
A
  • Awareness of own attitudes toward death and dying
  • Unconscious feeling of omnipotence and power of preventing death
  • some go into Medicine because of own unconscious fears of death
201
Q

(Dealing With Grief)

Compassionate care: Hallmarks of Appropriate Care

A
  • visiting the patient regularly
  • maintaining eye contact
  • touching appropriately
  • listening to what the patient have to say
  • being willing to answer all questions in a respectful way
202
Q
  • regularly scheduled sessions where grieving people are encouraged to talk about feelings of loss and about the person who has died
  • attachment to the therapist provides temporary support until a sense of confidence about the future develops
A

Grief Therapy

203
Q
  • most are practiced to protect the living

- Appease the spirits thought to have caused the person’s death

A

Ghost Protection Rituals

204
Q

Death and Burial Customs

A
  • Shutting the eyes of the dead person
  • Covering the face of the dead
  • Carry the dead out of the house feet first
  • Mirrors were covered
  • Family photographs turned face down
205
Q

Death and Burial Customs: Cementeries

A
  • Tombstones to weigh down the dead
  • Mazes at the entrance of ancient tombs
  • Beating on the grave, firing of guns, funeral bells and wailing chants
  • Bodies lie with their heads to the West and their feet to the East
206
Q

Filipino Practices/Rituals: The Wake or Vigil

A
  • House, funeral parlor, church
  • Usually lasts for 5-7 days or longer
  • 24 hours
  • Novenas, prayers, mass everyday
  • Nearest kin sits beside the coffin
207
Q

Filipino Practices/Rituals: The Requiem Mass/Funeral

A
  • Walk behind the funeral car
  • Stop at the church after mass relative will make a speech
  • Grave site
  • House of the family
  • Children are passed over the coffin

40 Days

208
Q

Filipino Practices/Rituals: Superstitious Beliefs

A
  • Feed the mourners, but don’t walk them to the door when they leave.
  • Don’t sweep the floor while the body is still lying in state or else other deaths in the family may follow
  • No tears should fall on the dead or the coffin as it would make a person’s journey to the afterlife difficult
  • When someone sneezes at the wake, pinch him
  • During the wake the dead person’s relatives must not take a bath.
209
Q

Filipino Practices/Rituals: Superstitious Beliefs (2)

A
  • Food from the wake should not be brought home because it’s believed that the dead touches all of it
  • After a funeral service, guests should not go directly home. This way the spirit of the dead won’t follow them to their house
  • When carrying a coffin out for burial, it should be carried head first as it prevents the soul of the dead from coming back
  • Family members should wear black or white, colors are prohibited
210
Q

Filipino Practices/Rituals: Superstitious Beliefs (3)

A
  • Weddings, birthdays, and other social activities should not be celebrated for one year
  • The widow, children, and immediate family members are prohibited from carrying the coffin or else they will become ill and die
  • While the casket is on its way to the cemetery or the church, relatives who preferred to stay at home should not have a glimpse of the casket or else someone in the family would die.

Psychiatry (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions