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Psychiatry > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

is the branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses

A

Psychiatry

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2
Q

Psychology vs Psychiatry

A

Psychology- Focus on normal functioning

Psychiatry- Medical orientation
- Focus is mental illness or abnormality

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3
Q

What is the primary purpose of psychiatry?

A
  1. Diagnosis -To define and recognize illnesses
  2. Treatment -To identify methods for treating them
  3. Research - To develop methods for discovering their causes and implementing preventive measures
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4
Q

The brain controls

A

Thinking
Feeling
Behaving

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5
Q

Neuroscientific tools help us understand brain anatomy, brain chemistry, and neurophysiology.

A
  • Computerized Tomography scan
  • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Positive Emission Tomograph
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6
Q

asserts that the state of health a person is a result of the interaction of biological, psychological and social factors.

A

Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Disease

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7
Q
  • The traditional model
  • Disease are caused by one or a chain of biochemical and physiological changes that can ultimately be identified and measured
A

Biomedical Model of Disease

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8
Q

Health is the product of the interactions among biological, psychological and social factors

A

Biopsychosocial Model of health and diseas

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9
Q

What are these subsystems that interact?

A 
1. Biological
–Genetic
–Neurochemical, neuroendocrine, and psychopharmacological
–Biological rhythms
2. Psychological
–Conflicts
–Defense mechanisms
–Relationships
–Self-esteem
3. Social
–Culture
–Religion
–Socio-economic status
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10
Q

is the theoretical basis of the biopsychosocial model

A

Systems theory

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11
Q
  • A theory of personality which states that much of our behavior is governed by unconscious forces.
  • Founded by Sigmund Freud
A

Psychoanalysis

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12
Q

The Structure of the Mind

A
  1. Conscious –…we are aware of
    – facts about yourself
    –I don’t like this movie star.
  2. Preconscious - …sometimes aware of, sometimes not
    –some dark feelings in the past
    –I think it may be his mustache.
  3. Unconscious - …not at all aware of
    –some dark feelings about some persons
    –I don’t know why. (He probably reminds you of your father who you do not like.)
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13
Q

What is the unconscious composed of?

A
  1. Feelings we don’t understand
    –Inordinate anger
    –I get so angry when my boyfriend cannot give me attention. I don’t know why.
  2. Fears we don’t understand.
    –Phobias
    –I’m scared of spiders. I don’t know why.
  3. Beliefs we are not aware of.
    –False beliefs
    –Racial prejudice
  4. Acts we are not aware of.
    –Sabotaging self
    –I fell asleep the night before the exams.
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14
Q

Proofs that the unconscious exists

A
  • We are unaware of our motives.

- We cannot describe them in words but we express them in: Dreams, slips of the tongue and self-destructive behaviors

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15
Q
  • Sexual or pleasure-seeking force

- Destructive or death-seeking force

A

Instinctual forces

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16
Q
  • Are unconscious mental operations deployed to deal with anxiety.
  • Are unconscious
  • Can be mature or immature
  • Immature defenses are seen in early stages of life; mature defenses are seen in later stages of life
A

Defense Mechanism

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17
Q

Psychosexual stages

A
  1. Oral
  2. Anal
  3. Phallic
  4. Latency
  5. Genital
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18
Q

Psychosexual stages

A
  1. Oral - 0-18 months
  2. Anal - 12 months to 3 years
  3. Phallic - 3 years to 6 years
  4. Latency - 6 years to puberty
  5. Genital - Puberty to adulthood
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19
Q

–Birth to 18 months
–Mouth
–feeding

Developmental Task
–Satisfaction of dependency needs;
–Development of trusting relationships

A

Oral stage

20
Q

–Age: 18 months to 3 years
–Anus
–Bowel movement

Developmental Task
–Autonomy and control of own body

A

Anal stage

21
Q
  • 3-4 to 5-6 years
    –Genitals
    –Observation of difference between the sexes

Developmental task
–Appreciating gender differences
–development of sexual identity

A

Phallic stage

22
Q
  • 5-6 to puberty
    –Increased socialization

Developmental Task
–Control of sexual and aggressive forces through sublimation and peer relationships

A

Latency stage

23
Q

–Puberty into adulthood
–Sexual function

Developmental Task
–Establishment of personal identity

A

Genital stage

24
Q

–Exclusion from consciousness of impulses, emotions, or memories that would otherwise cause distress

Example: Painful memories, such as sexual abuse are kept out of awareness

A

Repression

25
Q

–Adoption of behavior opposite to behavior that would truly reflect true feelings or intentions

Example: Prudish attitudes to sex as a reaction to unacceptable sexual urges

A

Reaction formation

26
Q
  • Inferred when a person behaves as if unaware of something that he may reasonably be accepted to know

Example: Someone with cancer … to live normally as if …

A

Denial

27
Q
  • Provision of a false but acceptable explanation for behavior that has a less acceptable origin

Example: A husband may leave his wife at home because…

A

Rationalization

28
Q
  • Transfer of emotion from a person, object or situation which is properly associated with another source

Example: After the recent death of his wife, a man may blame the doctor for her death…

A

Displacement

29
Q

–Diversion of unacceptable impulses to more acceptable outlets

Example: Turning the need to dominate others into organization of good works for charity

A

Sublimation

30
Q

–Attribution to another person of thoughts or feelings similar to one’s own, thereby rendering one’s own thoughts and feelings more acceptable

Example: A person who dislikes a colleague may attribute reciprocal feelings of dislike to him…

A

Projection

31
Q

–Adoption of the characteristics or activities of another person, often to reduce the pain of separation or loss

Example: A widow may undertake volunteer work that her husband used to do

A

Identification

32
Q

–Adoption of behavior appropriate to an earlier stage of development

Example: Dependence on others

A

Regression

33
Q

Defenses in Psychosexual Stages

A
  1. Oral - Repression, regression, denial
  2. Anal - Reaction-formation
  3. Phallic - Displacement, reaction formation
  4. Latency - Sublimation, rationalization
  5. Genital - Sublimation, identification
34
Q

Leads to: Fear of abandonment, lack of trust

Adult problem: Overeating, Alcoholism, Suspicious

A

Trauma in early childhood: child abuse

35
Q

Trauma in anal stage leads to

A

obsessive-compulsive behavior

36
Q

Trauma in the oral stage leads to

A

eating disorders, substance abuse and paranoia

37
Q

Trauma in phallic stage leads to

A

problems in sexual functioning

38
Q

Trauma in latency stage leads to

A

poor interpersonal relations

39
Q

Trauma in genital stage leads to

A

problems in sexual orientation

40
Q

A model of personality that states that the interplay of learning and experience determines development.
–Our beliefs determine our emotional response to information.
–Beliefs guide our actions.
–False beliefs about the self, others and the world cause mental health problems and mental illness.

A

Cognitive-Behavioural Theory

41
Q

–A first year med student wants to try zip-lining. As he waits his turn in the queue, he thinks:
-Even if there is the remotest chance of something bad happening, I must protect myself. So… Feeling? Action?

A

Over-estimating risk

42
Q

–A first year med student is being asked by her best friend to be the emcee at the friend’s wedding reception. She wants to try but…
- If I don’t do it perfectly, then I’ve done it horribly. So… Feeling? Action?

A

All or None

43
Q

A first year med student scratched his arm against the wall of his classroom in San Beda. He had just learned of HIV.
-An open sore on my arm means… AIDS. So… Feeling? Action?

A

Catastrophizing

44
Q
  • A big part of our personality is unsconscious.
  • We use defense mechanisms unconsciously.
  • Problems in childhood lead to problems in adulthood.
A

Psychoanalysis

45
Q
  • Early childhood experiences form our beliefs
  • Problems in childhood can lead to false beliefs
  • The resulting false beliefs lead to further false beliefs.
A

Cognitive Behavioral Theory

Psychiatry (6 decks)

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