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Perio > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classic symptoms of inflammation?

A

heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function

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2
Q

Why are we concerned about inflammation?

A

because it causes loss of attachment and tissue damage

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3
Q

What is the primary purpose of the human immune system?

A

to defend the life of the host

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4
Q

the bodys defenses are employed to preserve the tooth or supporting perio tissues T/F

A

False

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5
Q

Acute inflammation

A

2 weeks or less

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6
Q

What is an example of acute inflammation

A

popcorn kernal stuck in sulcus

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7
Q

Chronic inflammation

A

generally more than 2 weeks

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8
Q

Warning signs are present in chronic inflammation T/F

A

False they are often absent especially in chronic periodontitis

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9
Q

What is the hallmark of chronic inflammation

A

pain is absent and tissue damage

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10
Q

What is the first structure to go in inflammation?

A

gingival fibers

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11
Q

What is inflammation

A

the bodys reaction to injury or invasion by pathogens

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12
Q

Why do we have inflammation

A

to protect/defend the body and heal damaged tissue

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13
Q

What is the immune system designed for?

A

homeostasis

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14
Q

What happens when organisms such as bacteria in dental plaque invade a host

A

inflammation, immune system is increased in action

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15
Q

Is inflammation observable in the tissues

A

yest it is an observable alteration

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16
Q

How is the immune system protective?

A

typically protetive responses by the host to bacteria ect.

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17
Q

How is the immune system destructive?

A

Immune system trigger reactions that cause tissue damage

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18
Q

What causes destruction in the periodontal tissues?

A

the bodys response to bacteria causes most of the destruction

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19
Q

What are T and B lymphocytes?

A

small white blood cells

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20
Q

T cells

A

originate in the thymus, inTensify responses

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21
Q

B-cells

A

plasma cells secrete antiBodies

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22
Q

Where do T and B lymphocytes leak from and what do they contribute to?

A

they leak from the capillaries and contribute to edema

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23
Q

What is the role of T and B lymphocytes?

A

defense against microorganisms or pathogens in perio disease

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24
Q

What are examples of T cells?

A

macrophages, and B-lymphocytes

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25
Q

What are antibodies?

A

Y shaped proteins, neutralize bacteria to prevent host destruction

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26
Q

What do antibodies activate?

A
  • coat bacteria for phagocytosis

- activate complement system

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27
Q

What are antibodies also known as

A

immunoglobulins

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28
Q

what immunoglobulins are there

A

G, A, M, E, D

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29
Q

What is another name for a neutrophil?

A

PMN

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30
Q

What is a neutrophil?

A

a large white blood cell

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31
Q

What does a neutrophil do?

A

engulf and digest microorganisms

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32
Q

What attracts neutrophils to to bacteria?

A

chemotaxis

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33
Q

Is a PMN a first or second line of defense?

A

first

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34
Q

What do neutrophils control most of?

A

bacteria responsible for perio disease

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35
Q

Neutrophils are _____ responders and are _____-lived cells

A

rapid, short

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36
Q

What does pus contain?

A

many dead/dying PMNs

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37
Q

Do neutrophils participate in tissue destruction?

A

yes

38
Q

What do destructive neutrophils produce?

A

cytokines, prostaglandins

39
Q

What is the complement system?

A

proteins in the blood that facilitate phagocytosis or kill bacteria directly by pucturing membrane

40
Q

what is the complement system activated by?

A

antibodies, and work with antibodies

41
Q

Is the complement system a first or second line of defense?

A

second

42
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the complement system?

A
  • produces membrane attach complex
  • facilitates phagocytosis by coating bacteria (flagging)
  • recruits additonal phaycytic cells to infection site
  • housekeeping function
43
Q

what is the most important action of the complement system?

A

coating bacteria for flagging so phagocytes can recognize it

44
Q

What is a macrophage?

A

Large leukocyte, phagocytic

45
Q

what shape of nucleus does a macrophage have?

A

kidney shaped

46
Q

Where are macrophages found?

A

in tissue (known as a monocyte in the blood stream)

47
Q

Do macrophages arrive faster or slower than neutrophils?

A

slower

48
Q

________ numbers of macrophages are present in chronic infections

A

large

49
Q

Macrophages are _____ lived cells

A

long

50
Q

A macrophage is stimulated by______

A

LPS (endotoxin)

51
Q

WHere does LPS come from?

A

from cell wall of gram- bacteria

52
Q

What do macrophages secrete in tissue destruction

A

interleukin (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8)

53
Q

What do macrophages stimulate in tissue distruction?

A

prostaglandins, MMP’s

54
Q

what do prostaglandins and MMPs result in?

A

bone and connective tissue destruction

55
Q

what are Cytokines/Interleukins?

A

powerful inflammatory mediators, regulate behavior of immune cells

56
Q

What are cytokines/interleukins produced or stiumlated by?

A

PMNs, Macrophages,B-lymphocytes, gingval fibroblasts, osteoblasts

57
Q

How to cytokines/interleukins influcence behavior of other cells?

A

by transmitting information from one cell to another,=

58
Q

IL-1 influences ________ to produce ______ and _______ to become _____

A

fibroblasts, collagenase and osteoblasts, osteoclasts

59
Q

what do collegenase and osteoblasts breakd down?

A

tissues, specifically collagen and bone

60
Q

Cytokine/interlukins are a powerful______ mediator

A

protein

61
Q

What is the function of cytokines?

A

stimulate liver to produce c-reactive protein (CRP)

62
Q

What is CRP a marker in the blood stream for?

A

inflamation

63
Q

What do elevated levels of CRP increase?

A

inflammation in arteries and promotes blood clot formation

64
Q

CRP causes more risk for?

A

diabetes, HBP, cardivascular disease

65
Q

Cytokines have the potential to intiate tissue destruction T/F

A

true

66
Q

Cytokines are unimportant in periodontits T/F

A

false they are important b/c of tissue destruction

67
Q

Matrix Metalloproteinases are are a group of?

A

12 differen enzymes

68
Q

Do the enzymes in MMP do?

A

breakdown connective tissue matrix (ex collagenase)

69
Q

What are major sourse of MMP;s in perio disease?

A

PMN’s and gingival fibroblasts

70
Q

What facilitates the normal connective tissue matrix turnover?

A

MMP

71
Q

What happens in infection wiht MMP’s

A

they are overproduces thus destroying connective tissue

72
Q

what happens when new connective tissue comes in after destruction my MMPs

A

the new tissue is not as good

73
Q

what does collagenase do?

A

breaks down collagen

74
Q

Anything that breaks down collagen is a ___________ because it is the the structural framework of perio tissues

A

problem

75
Q

Antigens stimulate monocytes or macrophages to produce what?

A

IL-1

76
Q

What does IL-1 do?

A

calles in more phagocytic cells

77
Q

IL-1 is involved in tissue destruction T/F

A

True

78
Q

IL-1 starts a cascase of events that stimulates what?

A

MMP, fibroblasts, prostaglandins, and results in gingiva and bone resorbtion

79
Q

IL-1 is anti inflammatory? T/F

A

false, it is pro-inflammatory

80
Q

What is a prostagladin?

A

an inflammatory mediator

81
Q

What does prostaglandin E play a major role in?

A

destruction of bone

82
Q

What other prostaglandins are there besides E?

A

D, F, G, H, I

83
Q

What are prostaglandins primarily produced by?

A

neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts and other cells

84
Q

What are functions of prostaglandin?

A
  • triggers osteoclastic activity
  • promotes over production of MMPs
  • increases vacular permeabiliy and vasodilation
85
Q

Prostaglandins are a major mediator of?

A

alveolar bone loss

86
Q

Is destruction in inflammation always explained by bacterial action?

A

NO

87
Q

What has been explored to resolve inflammation?

A

anti-inflammatory chemicals

88
Q

What are derived from fatty acid in cell membranes to help bring inflammation to a halt

A

Lipoxins

89
Q

what are resolved from fatty acids in the diet to help with inflammation

A

Resolvins

90
Q

what seem to help in treating or preventing inflammatory conditions

A

Omega 3

Perio (11 decks)

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