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MBIO345 MB > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Koch’s Postulates

A

Robert Koch proved bacteria can cause disease.

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2
Q

Koch’s Postulates 4 requirements

A

1) Microorganism must be found in every case to be called the Causative Agent.
2) Microorganism must be grown in a pure culture
3) Disease must be reproduced when pure culture is injected into healthy host
4) Microorganism must be recoverable from the injected host

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3
Q

Normal Flora

A

Bacteria normally found on outer surfaces and mucous membranes of the body

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4
Q

Transient Normal Flora

A

Bacteria different from usual flora and present for short time

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5
Q

Contamination

A
  • Presence of bacteria in/on body site
  • Not part of normal flora
  • Bacteria not growing
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6
Q

Colonization

A

Contamination, but bacteria are growing

No host reaction

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7
Q

Infection

A

Bacteria growing in/on a body site

Causing host reaction

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8
Q

Pathogenicity

A

Ability of a microorganism to cause disease

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9
Q

Virulence

A

Degree of pathogenicity

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10
Q

Pathogen

A

Microorganism capable of causing disease

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11
Q

Nonpathogen

A

Microorganism not capable of causing disease

Very few microorganisms can be classified this as most are capable of causing some sort of infection

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12
Q

6 Factors contributing to pathogenicity

A 
Capsules
Hyaluronidase
Collagenase
Hemolysins
Leukocidins
Kinases
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13
Q

Capsules

A

prevent phagocytes from attaching to bacteria

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14
Q

Hyaluronidase

A

Extracellular enzyme mainly produced by Gram positive bacteria
Dissolves hyaluronic acid (compound in connective tissue matrix)
Allows bacteria to spread throughout tissue

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15
Q

Collagenase

A

Breaks down collagen (in connective tissue)

Allows bacteria to spread faster in connective tissue

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16
Q

Hemolysins

A

Lyse RBCs

Decreases host’s immunity

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17
Q

Leukocidins

A

Kills phagocytic cells creating pus

18
Q

Kinases

A

Break down fibrin clot (formed by body to isolate infection)

Bacteria break through clot and spread

19
Q

2 types of bacterial toxins

A

exotoxins and endotoxins

20
Q

Exotoxins

A

Mainly produced by Gram Positive bacteria
Excreted from living bacterial cells
Mainly protein molecules
Antigenic (causes an immune response)
May be converted to toxoids for immunization
Have a specific site of action in host

21
Q

Endotoxins

A

Produced my Gram Negative bacteria
Part of the cell wall (Lipopolysaccharide of outter membrane)
Released when cell walls are lysed (from antibiotics)
Do not form toxoids for immunization
Nonspecific sites of action in the host
Symptoms: aches, malaise, fever, decreased blood pressure, shock

22
Q

Signs of bacterial infection

A

Fever, lymph node swelling, inflammation, exudate, Granulomatous infection, cellulitis`

23
Q

Lymph Node Swelling

A

System accumulates and drains waste fluids
Nodes may become infected/swollen due to increase of antibody-producing cells
Neck, under arms, groin

24
Q

Inflammation

A

Damaged cells release histamine

Results in dilation of blood vessels, fluid and phagocytes move in

25
Q

Exudate

A

Accumulation of fluid at site of infection

Purulent exudate, serous exudate, transudate

26
Q

Purulent exudate

A

AKA Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs)

Many WBC, neutrophils, pus

27
Q

Serous exudate

A

Watery fluid is few polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and less protein

28
Q

Transudate

A

noncellular fluid (leadage from blood or lymph vessels)

29
Q

Granulomatous Infection

A

Granuloma formed at site of infection
Collections of macrophages
-results in increased capacity for phagocytosis and digestion

30
Q

Epidemic

A

Many people in an area having a disease over a short period of time

31
Q

Endemic

A

Disease constantly present in a small percentage of the population

32
Q

Pandemic

A

World-wide epidemic

33
Q

Epidemiology

A

the study of when/where disease occurs and how it is spread

34
Q

Endogenous Infection

A

Infecting bacteria come from the host’s own body

35
Q

Exogenous Infection

A

Infecting bacteria come from outside the hosts body

36
Q

Nosocomial Infection

A

Hospital acquired infection

37
Q

Carrier

A

Potential pathogen carried by a host (no signs of infection)

38
Q

Primary Infection

A

Initial infection caused by a microorganism

39
Q

Secondary Infection

A

Infection following a primary infection caused by a different microorganism

40
Q

Nonspecific infection

A

Microbial cause not identified

41
Q

Opportunistic Infection

A

Caused by Low Grade Pathogen

typically in patients with lowered immune system

42
Q

Disseminated Infection

A

Spread to most parts of the body

MBIO345 MB (13 decks)

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