Module 1

Question 1

Taxonomy

Answer 1

Science of classification

Question 2

Classification

Answer 2

Arrangement of organisms into taxonomic groups on the basis of similarities

Question 3

Nomenclature

Answer 3

Assignment of names

Question 4

Identification

Answer 4

Determining which taxonomic group a new isolate belongs

Question 5

Eucaryotic

Answer 5

eu=true caryotic=nucleus
organized nucleus with several chromosomes
nuclear membrane present

Question 6

Procaryotic

Answer 6

pro=primitive
lack of organized nucleus
one singular chromosome
no nuclear membrane

Question 7

Kingdom History

Answer 7

1700s Carlos Linnaeus made Plantae(bacteria) and Animalis

1866 Ernst Haeckel made Protista for all microorganisms

Question 8

Current Kingdom

Answer 8

Procaryotae (AKA Monera) for all bacteria

Question 9

Lab “Bible”

Answer 9

Bergeys Manual of Determinative Bacteriology

Question 10

Large to small Kingdoms and groups

Answer 10

Kingdom - Procaryote
Division/phylum - 4 divisions
Class - 1-3 classes per division
Order - Several orders per class
Family - uses ending -aceae
Tribe - Only used with large number of bacteria in one family (uses ending -eae)
Genus
Species
(King David Came Over For The Great Spaghetti)

Question 11

Species

Answer 11

Population of cells with similar characteristics

Question 12

Type Strain

Answer 12

permanent example of the species or reference specimen for that name

Question 13

Subspecies

Answer 13

Official taxonomic group, smaller than species, with minor but consistent differences than the type species

Question 14

Biotype (Biovar)

Answer 14

Type of subspecies distinguishable by biochemical or physiological properties that differ from the type strain

Question 15

Serotype (Serovar)

Answer 15

Type of subspecies distinguishable by distinctive antigenic or serological properties that differ from the type strain

Question 16

Proper Nomenclature

Answer 16

Includes a genus name followed by a species name
Genus name is Capitalized (typically end is -us, -um, -a)
Species is not capitalized
Full nomenclature is typed in italics or written with an underline.

Question 17

Classification Methods (4)

Answer 17

Key system
Base Composition of Nucleic Acid
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Numerical Taxonomy

Question 18

Key System

Answer 18

Bacterial shapes and gram stain were heavily weighted

Bacteria were placed into groups that were often genetically unrelated

Question 19

Base Composition of Nucleic Acid

Answer 19

Base composition determines percentage guanine-cytosine (G+C) in nucleic acid
Bacteria with the same composition percentage are of the same species*
Close percentages=close species
*BUT, the same G+C% does not always mean the same species - they could be made from a different sequence

Question 20

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Answer 20

DS DNA separated into single strands when heated, if strands from different organisms are combined and they successfully hybridize when cooled, they are the same. Degree of hybridization determines how closely related the 2 organisms are.

Question 21

Numerical Taxonomy

Answer 21

Characteristics weighted equally (ex. morphological, biochemical properties)
computer matches characteristics
>90% match indicates the same type of organism