Module 5

Question 1

What are the 3 stages of Oil and Gas Exploration?

Answer 1

Reconnaissance
Exploration
Data Analysis

Question 2

What steps are in “Reconnaissance” ?

Answer 2

Planning
Designing
Acquisition

Question 3

What steps are in “Exploration” ?

Answer 3

Processing
Interpretation
Drilling

Question 4

What steps are in Data Analysis ?

Answer 4

Analysis of Production Data

Question 5

What are the 3 science discipline ?

Answer 5

Geology
Geophysics
Physics

Question 6

What is Legacy Data ?

Answer 6

old data

eg SegY from the 1980s

Question 7

What is seismic inversion?

Answer 7

Geophysics (Seismic) to Petrophysics (Lithologic”
Pre-stack inversion (CDP Gather)
Post-stack inversion (no off information)

Question 8

What is AVO?

Answer 8

Amplitude Varying with Offset

Question 9

P waves

Answer 9

particle motion is parallel to the direction of wave propogation

Question 10

S waves

Answer 10

particle motion is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation

Question 11

Sh waves

Answer 11

particle motion is parallel to the earth’s surface.

Question 12

Hooke’s Law

Answer 12

Up to an elastic limit, a material will stretch elastically and proportionally in response to tensile force.

Question 13

Yield Point

Answer 13

Point up to which a material will return to its original size upon removal of the force.

Question 14

Stress

Answer 14

Force per unit area SIGMA=F/A

Question 15

Strain

Answer 15

Ratio of elongation of a material to its original length

Epsilon = ( Delta L / L)

Question 16

Stretch (or Young’s) Modulus

Answer 16

Stress / Strain
aka
(F/A) / (DELTA L/L)

Question 17

Compressibility (or Buik or Volume) Modulus

Answer 17

(F/A) / (DELTA V/V)

Question 18

Shear (or rigid) modulus)

Answer 18

note there is an angle involved
MU= Sigma / Epsilon
(F/A) / phi
aka TAU/Phi

Question 19

Elastic Theory

Vs

Answer 19

Vs= (Mu/Rho) 1/2
Vs= Shear Modulus / Rho
aka Shear Modulus/Density

Question 20

Elastic Theory

Vp

Answer 20

((K+(4/30mu)/Rho) 1/2
K= bulk density
mu = shear modulus
rho= density

Question 21

Ascoustic impedence

Answer 21

AI = Rho V

Question 22

Reflection Coefficient

Answer 22

Rc= (PsV2-P1V1) / (P2V2+P1V1)

Question 23

Transmission coefficient

Answer 23

Tc=1- |R|

Question 24

NMO Equation

Answer 24

T2=T02 + (x2/v2) it angle=o
else
T2=T02 + x2 Cos2 angle / V2)

Question 25

Reflection

Answer 25

Anticline
Syncline
Bowtie
Diffraction
Fault Plane