Module 2 Flashcards
Historical Geology
Geologic age as shown in the stratigraphic column enables comparison of common features
What other scientific disciplines are included in Historical geology
stratigraphy
paleontology
radiometric dating
orogeny
mountain building event
mega-sutures
margins along which continental collisions occur
paleontology
study of ancient plant and animal fossils and their position in the geological time scale
taxonomy
classification system for plants and animals
what’s the taxonomy sequence?
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species King Philip Came over from Great Spain
Plate Tectonics
Crust (Si, O)
Mantle (Fe, Mg)
Core (Fe, Ni)
What are the 5 layers of the earth
Lithosphere, Aesthenosphere, Mesosphere (Crust and Mantle)
Inner Core and Outer Core
Mohorivicic discontinuity
boundary separating the crust from the underlying mantle
Plate Tectonics
interactions oft he oceanic and continental lithosphere due to plate movements
mid-ocean ridges
divergent boundary where molten rock is injected, cooled and forms new ocean crust
sea-floor spreading
lithospheric plates that move away from mid-oceanic ridges
subduction zones
convergent boundaries where lithospheric plates are consumed
Comparison of Sedimentary Basin architectures
Extensional Basin(Divergent) ---> NORMAL FAULT Compressional Basin (Convergent) ---> THRUST FAULT Pull Apart Basin (Shearing) ---> Wrench Fault (transform)
Classification of rocks
Igneous – cooling and crystallization
Sedimentary – weathering and erosion
metamorphic – high temp and pressure
Halokinesis
study of salt structures
Types of faults
normal
reverse/thrust
wrench/strike-slip/transform (sinistral/dextral)
Fold types
anticline
syncline
monocline
asymetrical
plunge
axis of the fold that is not horizontal and not dipping.
angle of plunge
angle between fold axis and horizontal.
salt diapir
anticlinal fold in which salt or gypsum has poked through overlying rock
halo-kinetic structure
salt structure - low density salt that flows
halo-tectonic structure
salt structure that migrates due to tectonic forces
types of salt structures
salt domes, plugs, pillows and walls.
