Module 5 Flashcards
What are the 3 patterns of chronic inflammation
Granuloma, suppuration, mixed
Granuloma is characterized by the accumulation of________. Macrophages may eventually resemble and form___________
Macrophages, T cells
epithelioid and giant cells
What are the 3 types of chronic granulomatous inflammation
Immune, Foreign Body, Unknown Origin
Granuloma formation is a cellular attempt to__________
CONTAIN an offending agent that is difficult to eradicate
Macrophage is the dominant cell type during chronic inflammation w/ persistent________
infection
Macrophage secretes__________
cytokines & growth factors
Lymphocytes is the dominant cell type during chronic inflammation w/__________
Once activated, tends to be_____________
Autoimmune & other hypersensitive diseases
Persistent & severe
T cell activates macrophage using_________
IFN-gamma
Granulomatous inflammation is dependent on_________responses
Lymphocytes
_________is the dominant cell type for suppurant chronic inflammation
Neutrophils
_________is the dominant cell type for granulomatous chronic inflammation
Macrophages/ Lymphocytes
List 2 examples of mixed type chronic inflammation
rheumatoid arthritis, crohn’s dz
What are the 2 types of NSAIDS
traditional, COX 2 inhibitor
Risk of heart attack/stroke when using NSAIDS is the highest during____________
1st month of use w/ higher doses
T/F, Paracetamol is analgesic and anti-inflammatory
F, only Analgesic & antipyretic
Paracetamol can possibly interact w/_______
Warfarin
___________can increase the tendency to bleed
NSAIDS
COX converts_________to__________
Arachidonic Acid > Prostaglandins
Steroid is derived from__________
Cholesterol
Steroids regulate which 3 important processes ?
Carbs regulation, mineral balance, reproductive
_________converts arachidonic acid to Leukotrienes
Lip oxygenases
MMP (Matrix Metalloproteinase) is regulated by which 3 things ?
Growth factors, cytokines, ROS
________controls collagen synthesis & degradation ?
MMP (Matrix Metalloproteinase)
_________is the richest source of histamine ?
mast cell
release of histamine can be triggered by which 2 ways ?
Physical trauma & cell surface receptors engagement
How does histamine affect blood vessels & lungs ?
- Vasodilation of artierioles > Odema
- Contraction of bronchial smooth muscle
How does serotonin affect blood vessels ?
Vasoconstriction (5HT2 receptor), Vasodilation (5HT1)
Which 4 cytokines cause fever ?
IL1B, 6, 10. TNF
Which cytokine cause anorexia ?
IL1B
IL 6 can cause ?
fever & aggresion
Blocking_______would inhibit the formation of granuloma and thus more susceptable to infection
TNF
Chemokines bind to what kind of receptors ?
GPCR
Chemotaxis, leucocyte recruitment and activation can be achieved by:
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4)
All of the answers are correct
Chemokines
TNF and IL-1
C3a and C5a
All
Which of the following is a pattern-recognition receptor?
Toll-like receptor 4
E-selectin
Complement fragment 3
Interleukin-1 receptor
TNF receptor
Toll-like receptor 4
Which of the following is the primary precursor for endogenous glucocorticoids?
Testosterone
Estrogen
Progesterone
Aldosterone
Coristone
cortisone ?
Which of the following best defines a ‘drug’?
A substance which, when introduced to the body, exerts a psychogenic effect
A substance of synthetic origin which exerts a biological effect
A substance, when metabolised by the body, exerts a biological effect
A substance, when produced by the body, exerts a biological effect
A substance which, when introduced to the body, exerts a biological effect
A substance which, when introduced to the body, exerts a biological effect
Which one of the following is NOT a cytokine-induced systemic manifestation of inflammation?
Fever
Secondary inflammation of vessels near lymphatics
Leukocytosis
Increased blood pressure
Increased blood pressure
When inflammatory lesions involve tissue damage, the process of repair is stimulated. Which of the following statements concerning repair is correct?
Fibrin is an important component of fibrous tissue
An adequate blood supply is essential for the formation of fibrous tissue
Repair only occurs in tissues composed of “permanent” cells
The fibrin meshwork is formed early and has no role in subsequent migration of cells
Repair does not involve the formation of granulation tissue
An adequate blood supply is essential for the formation of fibrous tissue
Which cell type is present in a granuloma but not in a granulation tissue?
Lymphocyte
Fibroblast
Epithelioid cell
Myofibroblast
Macrophage
Epithelioid cell
What are the 3 types of hormones ?
Steroid, Peptide, AA
What are the 2 adrenal steroids ?
Cortisone (glucocorticoid), Aldosterone(mineralcorticoid)
Suppression of inflammation & immune responses is the effect of (glucocorticoid/mineralcorticoids) ?
Gluco
hypertension is the effect of (glucocorticoid/mineralcorticoids)
mineral
Hypothalamus release_________hormone, which stimulates_________to release__________
CRH, Anterior Pituatary, ACTH
__________stimulates the release of Cortisol from adrenal gland ?
ACTH
(Gluco/Mineralcorticoids) alter water balance in concert w/_________ ?
Mineralcorticoids, Vasopressin
__________can undergo pathway to convert to cortisol
Progesterone
Glucocorticoids is made in zona________
fasciculata
Mineralcorticoids is made in zona________
glomerulosa
androgen is made in zona_________
reticularis
- Cushing’s dysfxntion is caused by_______overpdtion
- It can lead to___________
- ACTH
- diabete, swollen face, hypertension
- Addison’s dysfxntion is caused by____________
- Adrenal atrophy, Dec in steroid pdtion
